Head and Neck Flashcards
What are the anterior triangle boundries of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid muscle, the midline, lower border of the manidble
What are the posterior triangle boundries of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius muscle, middle third clavicle
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve (11)
What 5 categories can the anterior triangle be split into?
muscle, skeletal elements and viscera, glands, nerves and muscles
What muscles are in the anterior triangle?
Mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, infrahyoid (strip) muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid)
What cartilage forms a ring around the trachea?
cricoid
What bone doesn’t join on to any other bone
Hyoid bone
How many laryngeal cartilages?
9
describe the mylohyoid
forms the floor of the mouth like a hammock. Arises from the mandible and attaches onto the hyoid bone. It raises the hyoid bone and floor of mouth
Describe the strap muscles?
named after where they attach. These depress the hyoid bone and also the larynx, or pull it down, during swallowing (deglutition) and speaking
What is the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle?
THYROID CARTILAGE – Largest of the laryngeal cartilages
CRICOID CARTILAGE – Below the thyroid cartilage, just above the trachea
HYOID BONE
TRACHEA
What are the 3 single laryngeal cartilages?
thyroid, cricoid (only one that forms a complete ring around the larynx) and the epiglottis (elastic cartilage
What are the 3 paired laryngeal cartilages?
arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
What are the anterior triangle glands?
THYROID GLAND
PARATHYROID GLANDS
SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS
Where does the Thyrocervical trunk arise from?
subclavian artery
what are the anterior triangle nerves?
VAGUS
PHRENIC
HYPOGLOSSAL
What does the Phrenic Nerve innovate in regards to the neck?
cervical 3,4,5 – innervates the skeletal muscle of the diaphragm but also contains sensory innervation to
What does the vagus nerve do in regards to the neck?
Motor – innervates the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate
Parasympathetic – smooth muscle of the trachea, bronchi (slows breathing), slows heart rate and increases gut motility
Special sensory fibres – innervation for taste sensation in the epiglottis and root of the tongue
General sensory – internal aspect of larynx and the ear canal. Also provides visceral sensory innervation to the heart and abdominal structures.
What does the pericardium do?
The structure that anchors the heart to the diaphram
What three nerves are important in the posterior triangle?
ACCESSORY NERVE
PARTS OF THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
CUTANEOUS CERVICAL NERVES
what does the posterior Accessory nerve initiate in regards to Sternocleidomastoid muscle
lateral flexion of neck when acting on its own and flexion of neck when acting both left and right sides
What does the brachial plexus do?
Cervical 5 – Thoracic 1 (C5-T1)
Motor and sensory innervation to the upper limbs
Describe lymph nodes in the posterior triangle
Small oval to bean shaped structures.
They filter lymph.
Offer defence against the spread of infection.
Returned to larger veins.
Many sites of lymph nodes.
What are the superficial lymph nodes?
drain face, neck and scalp and pass to the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of head and neck
