Bones and Joints Flashcards
How many bones in the human body?
206
Name 3 different joints
Synovial Joint, fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints
Describe the synovial Joint
Extensive movement, smooth cartilage, synovial fluid in a capsule
describe the fibrous joints
no synovial cavity, joint held together by dense connective tissue- skull
Describe cartilaginous joints
No synovium, little movement held together by cartilage- pelvis
What are the components of synovial joints?
Bones, articular (hyline) Cartilage, marginal cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, ligaments (passive stabilisers), Musculo tendinous support (active stabilisers)- tendons, Muscle- to move joint
What is unique about the fibrous joint structure of skull
no movement- allow skull growth to adulthood
What is the tibiofibular syndesmosis?
a fibrous joint joining the fibula to the tibia and stabilised by 4 lateral ligaments
Describe the syndesmoses
greater distance between articular surface, more dense connective tissue, distal tibia and fibula
What is a syndesmosis?
a fibrous joint between two bones and linked by ligaments and a strong membrane
When does the anterior fontanelle usually close?
9-18 months
When does the posterior fontanelle usually close?
by 1 or 2 months may be closed at birth
Describe cartilaginous joints
little movement, Symphysis
Describe symphysis
a cartilaginous joint. Bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between e.g. pelvis, sternum, ribs
What is a synchondrosis? (or primary cartilaginous joint)
is a type of cartilaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones
What are synchondroses?
immovable joints and are thus referred to as synarthroses
What are the two main parts of the skull
Neurocranium- bony covering of brain and meninges- roof called calvaria, floor called the cranial base - 8 bones ( 1 frontal 1 ethmoid, 1 spheniod, 1 occipital, 2 temporal, 2 parietal
Viscerocranium- facial skeleton- 14 bones- frontal, temporal, spheniod, ethmoid and maxillary bones are pneumatised
what is meant by pneumatised?
air within the bones
What is the weakest part of the skull?
Pterion where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones all meet
describe the vertebral column
Cervical Spine
C1 – C7
Thoracic Spine
T1 –T12
12 paired ribs
Lumbar Spine
L1 –L5
Sacrum
5 segments
Where is the sternal angle placed?
where the second rib is
Where is the costochondral joint?
between the costal cartilage and the ribs
How many true ribs are there? false ribs? floating ribs?
1-7, their costal cartilage links directly with the sternum
8-10 false- the costal cartilage are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib
11-12 floating- short ribs don’t attach to the sternum
