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Poli Theory > Locke > Flashcards

Locke Flashcards

1
Q

John Locke

A
  • Founder of liberal democratic thought
  • Everything is about property
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2
Q

Locke Info

A
  • Born 1632, during the resolutions to Wars of Religion
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3
Q

Second Treatise

A
  • Published in 1695
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4
Q

Preface

A
  • Anti-Robert Filmer
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5
Q

Robert Filmer

A
  • Wrote propaganda that used religion to argue for the divine right of Kings
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6
Q

Chapter 1

A
  • Principle failing of FIlmer is that no diff between legitimate and illegitimate power
  • Defines political power
  • No mention of peace or justice
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7
Q

Chapter 1, Section 3

A
  • Political power is defined as being used to support public good
  • Create laws to preserve property
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8
Q

Chapter 2

A
  • State of Nature
  • Peaceful and idyllic, only missing authority
  • Will become inconvenient due to greed
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9
Q

Chapter 3

A
  • State of War occurs when we are violent
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10
Q

Section 19

A
  • Wants to make sure no one sees him as Hobbes
  • Doesn’t want to associate with the idea that God puts us in absolute power
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11
Q

SoN = SoW

A
  • Chapter 2 and 3
  • No enforcer in SoN means we always fear war hence SoW
  • Your greedy neighbour will try to steal from you, so you have to defend
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12
Q

Section 4

A
  • All humans are equal in SoN under natural law
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13
Q

Section 5

A
  • Relies on the Bible and Richard Hooker (Anglican)
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14
Q

Section 6

A
  • SoN, we all have liberty under natural law
  • Hobbesian proviso, in danger our obligations to other lapse
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15
Q

Locke Natural Law

A
  • Everyone has agreed to it because we’re all equal in the state of nature
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16
Q

Section 8

A
  • People have limited power over others
  • All can take law into own hands
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17
Q

Chapter 4

A
  • Slavery, he owned slaves
  • Says it is only justified when one forfeits their right to life by own fault
  • Must be fairly won in war
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18
Q

Section 26

A
  • God gave us things which we must make ours to use
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19
Q

Section 27

A
  • Labour is given by God and must be mixed with nature in order to live, mine
  • All have right to self-preservation
  • There is enough to go around
20
Q

Section 28-30

A
  • Proviso, good and enough
  • Labour component escalates
21
Q

Section 31

A
  • Spoilage proviso can take as much as we need as long as we can use it
22
Q

Section 32

A
  • Most significant property is Earth itself
  • Redescribes SoN as being poverty without labour
23
Q

Section 34

A
  • ‘Tragedy of the Commons’
  • We must own land because God did not give it to the wasteful
  • Those who do not improve land do not deserve it
24
Q

‘Tragedy of the Commons’

A
  • If land is not claimed by a private interest no one has any reason to invest in it
25
Q

Section 37, 40, 43

A
  • 9/10, 99%, 999/1000
  • Increasing relevance of labour
26
Q

Section 46

A
  • Trade allows us to trade that which won’t spoil for that which will
  • Allows us to hold onto wealth
27
Q

Section 47

A
  • Money to enlarge property
28
Q

Section 48

A
  • America is not valuable it sucks there to Locke
29
Q

Section 49-50

A
  • Argument for enlargement of land
  • We can hoard the imperishables which creates inequality
30
Q

Chapter 6

A
  • Paternal power is not political power
31
Q

Section 52

A
  • Objection to paternal power, neither patriarchal or authoritarian
  • Bold for the day as it was not rested on the Bible
32
Q

Section 52-71

A
  • Distinguishes obedience and honour
  • Duty to obey parents as a child and honour conditionally
  • Must honour or we won’t get inheritance
33
Q

Section 73

A
  • Parents have inheritance so we must honour them
34
Q

Chapter 7

A
  • Ignores Christian account of marriage
  • Instead looks to other species who break up when kids are self-sufficient
  • Applies it to women
35
Q

Section 87

A
  • Formation of civil society
  • Commonwealth is based on convenience now that we have wealth
36
Q

Section 88

A
  • Purpose of the commonwealth is to punish bad guys
  • Government exists to punish, takes over from all people
37
Q

Section 89

A
  • Civil society is the product of choice to outsource to a representative
38
Q

Section 90-92

A
  • Responds to H without mentioning his name
  • Argues against absolute monarchy, still a lack of a neutral judge
39
Q

Chapter 8

A
  • Process to form government, 2 steps
  • 2 objections
40
Q

Step 1 for Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Motivated to create commonwealth out of convenience
  • Giving up liberty in civil society is not giving up much, just right to protect property
  • Loose right to punish to will of collective
41
Q

Step 2 for Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Accept to be governed by will of the majority even if it goes against private desires
42
Q

2 Objections to Government

A
  • Chapter 8
  • Early govs prove there was never consent, always domination
  • Humans aren’t free as we are always born subject to govs
43
Q

Section 104

A
  • Objection 1 response
  • Most commonwealths originated in monarchies
  • Fathers were entrusted through consent
  • Consent underwrites all government
44
Q

Section 113-122

A
  • Objection 2 response
  • We are free as we can always choose to leave governments
  • We consent to gov by accepting inheritance, living under laws of the land
  • Tacit and express consent
45
Q

Tacit Consent
Express Consent

A
  • Unspoken (accepting inheritance)
  • Makes citizens subject to commonwealths
46
Q

Section 120-122

A
  • Enter commonwealths to protect property

Poli Theory (6 decks)

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