locals Flashcards
Chloroprocaine
Max toxic dose
dose without EPI
800
12 mg/kg x 70 = 840
Chloroprocaine
max toxic dose
WITH EPI
1000
Prilocaine
Max toxic dose
WITHOUT EPI
600
8 mg/kg x 70= 560
Prilocaine
max toxic dose
with epi
no epi added
procaine
max dose without epi
12 mg/kg
procaine
max dose
WITH EPI
600
mepivicaine
max dose
without EPI
4.5 mg/kg
mepivicaine
max dose
with epi
7 mg/kg
lidocaine
max dose
without epi
4.5 mg/kg
lidocaine
max dose
with epi
7 mg/kg
bupivicaine
max dose
with out dpi
3 mg / kg
ropivacaine
max dose
with out epi
3 mg/kg
no epi added
cocaine
max dose
without dpi
3 mg/kg
no epi added
duration of action of benzocaine
0.5-1 hr
DOA of chloroprocaine
0.5-1 hr
DOA of cocaine
0.5-1 hr
DOA of procaine
0.5-1 hr
DOA of tetracaine
1.5-6 hr
no dpi added
DOA of bupivacaine
1.5-8 hr
DOA of lidocaine
0.75-2 hr
DOA of mepivacaine
1-2 hr
DOA of prilocaine
0.5-1 hr
DOA of ropivacaine
1.5-8 hr
which Locals are esters?
Benzocaine Chloroprocaine Cocaine Procaine tetracaine 1 I in ESTERS
Which Locals are Amides?
Bupivacaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Prilocaine Ropivacaine
which form of local anesthetic diffuses across the membrane?
non ionized form
where does the non ionized for attach in local anesthetics in the nerve sheath?
inside the sodium channel and locks it shut
which state is the Na channel locked in by local anesthetics
inactivated
where are voltage gated sodium channels located?
only on the nerve’s axon
where does the ionized form of the local anesthetic bind?
to the receptors on the sodium channels when the channel is in the inactivated state
onset of procaine
slow
onset of tetracaine
slow
onset of bupivacaine
moderate
onset of ropivacaine
slow
onset of chloroprocaine
fast
onset of lidocaine
fast
onset of etidocaine
fast
onset of mepivacaine
fast
which form of a local anesthetic is active?
the non-ionized form
at pH - 7.4 what pKa has a more rapid onset? 7.6 or 8.6
Mepivicaine pKa = 7.6 FAST
Tetracaine pKa = 8.6 SLOW
agents with lower pKas are more non-ionized at pH 7.4 the non-ionized form of the drug penetrates the lipid bilayer of the nerve axon membrane
a alpha function
motor
a delta function
fast pain
B fibers function
ANS function
C fibers function
slow pain
a alpha location
efferent to muscles
b fibers location
preganglionic SNS
c fibers location
post-ganglionic SNS
afferent sensory
a delta location
afferent sensory
local anesthetics inhibit the peripheral nerves in the following:
B fibers > C fibers >Small diameter A fibers > large diameters A fibers
where do local anesthetics bind
the inside alpha subunit on the Na channel
what regulates membrane potential?
K
what regulates threshold potentialC
Ca
are locals acids or bases
weak bases
how are locals prepared
as hydrochloride salts
which part of the local anesthetics crosses the nerve sheath
the unionized portion
which part of the local anesthetic is active
the ionized portion after the unionized has crossed the nerve
onset of action is associated with
pKa
potency is associated with
lipid soluble
duration of action is associated with
protien binding
