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Anesthesia Drug Test Quick Facts > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Acetazolamide category

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

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2
Q

uses of acetazolamide

A

Diuretic,

Anticonvulsant,

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3
Q

brand name acetazolamide

A

Diamox

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4
Q

dose of acetazolamide for edema

A

Edema- 250-375 mg

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5
Q

dose of acetazolamide for epilepsy

A

Epilepsy-

8-30 mg/kg/day

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6
Q

dose of acetazolamide for metabolic acidosis

A

Metabolic acidosis- 500 mg

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7
Q

onset of acetazolamide

A

5-10 minutes

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8
Q

peak of acetazolamide

A

15 minutes

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9
Q

DOA acetazolamide

A

4-5 hours

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10
Q

uses of acetazolamide

A 
Treatment of glaucoma,
 edema,
 epilepsy, 
acute mountain sickness, 
metabolic acidosis
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11
Q

metabolism of acetazolamide

A

Distribution to erythrocytes,

kidneys.

crosses BBB.

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12
Q

elimination of acetazolamide

A

urine

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13
Q

major adverse effects of acetazolamide

A 
Acidosis, 
bicarbonaturia, 
hypokalemia, 
paresthesias, 
renal stones
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14
Q

contraindications of acetazolamide

A

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides,
hepatic disease,
low sodium or potassium levels

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15
Q

Ethacrynic acid category

A

loop diuretic

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16
Q

dose of ethacrynic acid

A

0.5-1 mg/kg/dose

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17
Q

max dose of ethacrynic acid

A

(MAX- 100 mg/dose)

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18
Q

onset of ethacrynic acid

A

5 minutes

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19
Q

peak of ethacrynic acid

A

30 minutes

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20
Q

DOA ethacrynic acid

A

2 hours

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21
Q

uses of ethacrynic acid

A

Treatment of edema r/t CHF
hepatic cirrhosis,
renal disease

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22
Q

metabolism of ethacrynic acid

A

hepatic

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23
Q

elimination of ethacrynic acid

A

feces and urine

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24
Q

major adverse s/e ethacrynic acid

A 
Hypocalcaemia
hypokalemia
hypomagnesaemia
alkalosis
ototoxicity (
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25
Q

contraindications of ethacrynic acid

A

Anuria, severe watery diarrhea, infants

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26
Q

what is unique about ethacrynic acid as a loop diuretic

A

Only loop diuretic with no cross reactivity to sulfonamides or sulfonylureas

27
Q

Furosemide category

A

loop diuretic

28
Q

furosemide dose

A

20-40 mg/dose IV

29
Q

furosemide onset

A

5 minutes

30
Q

DOA furosemide

A

2 hours

31
Q

uses of furosemide

A

Treatment of HTN and edema r/t CHF
hepatic cirrhosis
renal disease
acute pulmonary edema (improves before diuretic effect)

32
Q

metabolism of furosemide

A

minimally hepatic

binds to albumin

33
Q

elimination of furosemide

A

feces and urine

34
Q

adverse reactions of furosemide

A 
Hypocalcaemia, 
hypokalemia, 
hypomagnesaemia, 
metabolic alkalosis,
 ototoxicity
35
Q

conditions contraindicated with furosemide

A

SLE, Digoxin use, Allergy to sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and thiazides

36
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) category

A

thiazide diuretic

37
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) dose PO

A

12.5-100 MG PO

38
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) onset

A

Diuresis 2 hrs

39
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) peak

A

1-5 hrs

40
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) DOA

A

6-12 hrs

41
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) uses

A 
Treatment of HTN and edema r/t CHF
 hepatic cirrhosis
 renal disease
 corticosteroid
 estrogen therapy
42
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) metabolization

A

not metabolized

43
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) excretion

A

urine

44
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) major adverse effects

A 
Hypocalcaemia,
 hyperkalemia, 
hypokalemia, 
hyperglycemia, 
hypomagnesaemia, 
hypovolemia, allergy, 
hyperlipidemia, 
sexual d/f, 
alkalosis, 
ototoxicity
45
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ)

A

Allergy to sulfonamides or sulfonylureas, anuria

46
Q

mannitol category

A

Osmotic diuresis

47
Q

mannitol dose

A

0.25-1 g/kg/dose q 6-8 hrs PRN

48
Q

mannitol onset

A

1-3 hrs

49
Q

mannitol DOA

A

1.5-6 hrs

50
Q

mannitol uses

A 
Early oliguria, 
early brain edema, 
post ischemic ARF, 
neurosurgery, 
GU irrigant in TURP resection, 
severe traumatic brain injury
51
Q

metabolism mannitol

A

Hepatic to glycogen

52
Q

excretion mannitol

A

urine

53
Q

major s/e mannitol

A

Pulmonary edema in pts w/ HF,
fluid/e- imbalance,
acute tubular necrosis

54
Q

contraindications mannitol

A

Severe renal impairment, active intracranial bleed,
heart failure,
pulmonary congestion,
anuria,

55
Q

Spironolactone category

A

Potassium sparing diuretic,

56
Q

spironolactone MOA

A

antihypertensive,

selective aldosterone blocker

57
Q

spironolactone dose

A

25-200 mg PO

58
Q

spironolactone onset PO

A

2-3 days PO

59
Q

spironolactone peak

A

3-4 hrs

60
Q

spironolactone DOA

A

2-3 days

61
Q

spironolactone uses

A

Management of edema r/t excessive aldosterone w/CHF, HTN,

hyperaldosteronism,

62
Q

spironolactone metabolism

A

hepatic

63
Q

spironolactone major a/e

A 
Acidosis, 
azotemia, 
gynecomastia, 
hepatotoxicity, 
hyperkalemia,
64
Q

spironolactone contraindications

A

Anuria, acute renal insufficiency,
impairment of renal excretion,
hyperkalemia,
Addison’s disease

Anesthesia Drug Test Quick Facts (19 decks)

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