Localized Inflammation (ch7)

Question 1

What are cytokines?

Answer 1

Proteins secreted by a variety of cells to help regulate immunological responses
(interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, lymphokines, & interferon)

Question 2

Name the bone forming cell?

Answer 2

Osteoblasts

Question 3

What is a Trendelenburg gait?

Answer 3

Disorder of the hip abductors caused by weakness or an inhibition.
During stance phase, body weight is transferred to the affected side and the hip abductors on the affected side are unable to support the pelvis, resulting in a pelvic drop or tilt toward the swing limb
*seen in children w/ slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Question 4

What is Ostetis pubis

Answer 4

Noninfectious inflammation of the pubis

Question 5

What connective tissue cell secretes proteins to help form the extracellular matrix?

Answer 5

Fibroblasts

secrete collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and glycoaminoglycans

Question 6

What is fluctuance?

Answer 6

Abnormal condition in which the area under the skin being palpated feels “boggy” or viscous.

Question 7

What does fluctuace indicate?

Answer 7

An indication of pus accumulating

Question 8

What are fibroblasts that differentiated to resemble smooth muscle for the specialized function of approximating the borders of an injury?

Answer 8

Myofibroblasts

Question 9

What is necrosis of the bone?

Answer 9

Osteonecrosis

Question 10

This type of cartilage is avascular and has a limited capacity for repair?

Answer 10

Articular cartilage

Question 11

What helps nourish articular cartilage and lubricate joints and tendon sheaths?

Answer 11

Synovial fluid

Question 12

What type of arthritis is characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and osteophyte formation?

Answer 12

Osteoarthritis

Question 13

What joint is most affected by OA?

Answer 13

the knee

Question 14

What are symptoms and causes of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 14

Localized inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis
Caused by overuse, sudden increase in walking/running distance or intensity, shoes w/ poor cushioning
Most common cause of unilateral heel pain in adults
Generally develops of 6 weeks to 12 months

Question 15

Stages of tissue healing

Answer 15

Inflammation phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling or Maturation phase

Question 16

Characteristics of the inflammation phase

Answer 16

Inflammation resolves in 24 to 72 hours after trauma
Macrophages rid area of debris, microorganisms, and residual neutrophils through phagocytosis
Cytokines are released
End of phase is signaled by the release of fibrinolysin

Question 17

What is fibrolysin?

Answer 17

An enzyme that helps open the lymphatic channels.

Question 18

Characteristics of the proliferation phase

Answer 18

Starts a few days after initial injury and completes with in 3 weeks (can last 6 to 12 weeks)
Angiogensis, fibroblasts (collagen, GAGs, elastin), and myofibroblasts are released

Question 19

Characteristics of remodeling phase

Answer 19

Begins day 21 after initial injury & may continue for months

Continual restructuring of collage fibers from weak unorganized fibers to stronger type 1 fibers

Question 20

What does synovial fluid help to nourish?

Answer 20

articular cartilage, lubricates joints, and tendon sheathes

Question 21

What is the most common sports injury?

Answer 21

Muscle strain

Question 22

Where does a muscle strain usually occur?

Answer 22

near the myotendinous junction crossing two or more joints

Question 23

What is a stretch or tear of a ligament?

Answer 23

ligament strain

Question 24

What is an acute inflammatory condition of the tendon and its surrounding structure that may lead to degeneration?

Answer 24

tendinitis

Question 25

How many stages of severity can tendonitis be divided into?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

What is inflammation of the synovial sheath?

Answer 26

Tenosynovitis

Question 27

Which pathology is caused by a localized inflammatory condition of the plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 27

Plantar fasciitis

Question 28

What is a clinical symptom of plantar fasciitis?

Answer 28

pain in the heel w/ weight bearing

Question 29

How is tensor fascia lata fasciitis caused?

Answer 29

Overuse injury caused by repetitive rubbing of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral condyle during knee flexion and extension

Question 30

Describe what causes prenatal and postnatal soft tissue inflammation?

Answer 30

Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy predispose women to a range of soft tissue inflammation conditions, often resulting in pelvic and hip pain

Question 31

Preferred practice pattern 4E: Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance, and ROM associated with localized inflammation – patients have:

Answer 31

``` Temperature changes Joint swelling Loss of ROM Altered function Joint line tenderness Fluctuance Localized pain when the inflamed tissues are stressed ```

Question 32

What is the goal of interventions during the acute stage

Answer 32

Controlling the inflammatory process Minimizing further injury Promoting healing Minimizing associated signs and symptoms

Question 33

What is the goal of interventions during the restorative stage

Answer 33

Establish full pain-free ROM Increase or restore flexibility Improve or restore cardiovascular and muscular fitness and performance Address any other neuromuscular deficits

Question 34

What interventions are recommended during the acute stage of localized inflammation?

Answer 34

``` Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation ```