Localized Inflammation (ch7) Flashcards
What are cytokines?
Proteins secreted by a variety of cells to help regulate immunological responses
(interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, lymphokines, & interferon)
Name the bone forming cell?
Osteoblasts
What is a Trendelenburg gait?
Disorder of the hip abductors caused by weakness or an inhibition.
During stance phase, body weight is transferred to the affected side and the hip abductors on the affected side are unable to support the pelvis, resulting in a pelvic drop or tilt toward the swing limb
*seen in children w/ slipped capital femoral epiphysis
What is Ostetis pubis
Noninfectious inflammation of the pubis
What connective tissue cell secretes proteins to help form the extracellular matrix?
Fibroblasts
secrete collagen, elastin, glycoproteins, and glycoaminoglycans
What is fluctuance?
Abnormal condition in which the area under the skin being palpated feels “boggy” or viscous.
What does fluctuace indicate?
An indication of pus accumulating
What are fibroblasts that differentiated to resemble smooth muscle for the specialized function of approximating the borders of an injury?
Myofibroblasts
What is necrosis of the bone?
Osteonecrosis
This type of cartilage is avascular and has a limited capacity for repair?
Articular cartilage
What helps nourish articular cartilage and lubricate joints and tendon sheaths?
Synovial fluid
What type of arthritis is characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and osteophyte formation?
Osteoarthritis
What joint is most affected by OA?
the knee
What are symptoms and causes of plantar fasciitis?
Localized inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis
Caused by overuse, sudden increase in walking/running distance or intensity, shoes w/ poor cushioning
Most common cause of unilateral heel pain in adults
Generally develops of 6 weeks to 12 months
Stages of tissue healing
Inflammation phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling or Maturation phase
Characteristics of the inflammation phase
Inflammation resolves in 24 to 72 hours after trauma
Macrophages rid area of debris, microorganisms, and residual neutrophils through phagocytosis
Cytokines are released
End of phase is signaled by the release of fibrinolysin
What is fibrolysin?
An enzyme that helps open the lymphatic channels.
Characteristics of the proliferation phase
Starts a few days after initial injury and completes with in 3 weeks (can last 6 to 12 weeks)
Angiogensis, fibroblasts (collagen, GAGs, elastin), and myofibroblasts are released
Characteristics of remodeling phase
Begins day 21 after initial injury & may continue for months
Continual restructuring of collage fibers from weak unorganized fibers to stronger type 1 fibers
What does synovial fluid help to nourish?
articular cartilage, lubricates joints, and tendon sheathes
What is the most common sports injury?
Muscle strain
Where does a muscle strain usually occur?
near the myotendinous junction crossing two or more joints
What is a stretch or tear of a ligament?
ligament strain
What is an acute inflammatory condition of the tendon and its surrounding structure that may lead to degeneration?
tendinitis
How many stages of severity can tendonitis be divided into?
5
What is inflammation of the synovial sheath?
Tenosynovitis
Which pathology is caused by a localized inflammatory condition of the plantar aponeurosis?
Plantar fasciitis
What is a clinical symptom of plantar fasciitis?
pain in the heel w/ weight bearing
How is tensor fascia lata fasciitis caused?
Overuse injury caused by repetitive rubbing of the iliotibial band over the lateral femoral condyle during knee flexion and extension
Describe what causes prenatal and postnatal soft tissue inflammation?
Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy predispose women to a range of soft tissue inflammation conditions, often resulting in pelvic and hip pain
Preferred practice pattern 4E: Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance, and ROM associated with localized inflammation – patients have:
Temperature changes Joint swelling Loss of ROM Altered function Joint line tenderness Fluctuance Localized pain when the inflamed tissues are stressed
What is the goal of interventions during the acute stage
Controlling the inflammatory process
Minimizing further injury
Promoting healing
Minimizing associated signs and symptoms
What is the goal of interventions during the restorative stage
Establish full pain-free ROM
Increase or restore flexibility
Improve or restore cardiovascular and muscular fitness and performance
Address any other neuromuscular deficits
What interventions are recommended during the acute stage of localized inflammation?
Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation
