Kisner Ch 4- Stretching for Impaired Mobility Flashcards
Flexibility
the ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain free ROM
It is related to the extensibility of muscle tendon units that cross a joint, based on their ability to relax or deform and yield to a stretch force
Dynamic flexibility
Active mobility or Active ROM
An active muscle contraction move a body segment through the available ROM of a joint
Passive flexibility
The degree to which a body segment can passively move through available ROM
Is dependent on the extensibility of muscle & connective tissues that cross & surround a joint
Hypomobility
decrease mobility or restricted motion
Contracture
the adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit & other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint resulting in significant resistance to passive or active stretch & limitation of ROM which may compromise functional abilities
Myostatic contracture
Musculotendinous unit has shortened & significant loss of ROM
No specific pathology present
There may be a reduction in the # of sarcomere untis in series, but no decrease in sarcomere length
Resolved in a short period of time
Psuedomyostatic contracture
Impaired mobility & limited ROM b/c of hypertonicity (spasticity or rigidity)
Associated w/ CNS lesion ie CVA, spinal cord injury, or TBI
May be caused by muscle spasms or guarding
Use neuromuscular inhibition procedures to reduce muscle tension allowing for full, passive, elongation of the shortened muscle
Fibrotic connective contracture & irreversible contracture
Fibrous changes in the connective tissue of muscle & periarticular structures can cause adherence of these tissue
Difficult to reestablish optimal tissue length
Permanent loss of extensibility of soft tissues
Occurs after long periods of immobilization in a shortened position
Selective stretching
Stretching of specific muscles & joints
Overstretching (hypermobility)
a stretch well beyond the normal length of muscle & ROM in a joint
Creates instability in the joint
May predispose individual to musculoskeletal injury
Passive or assisted stretching
A sustained stretch held at end range
Elongates a shorten muscle tendon unit & periarticular connective tissues by moving restricted joint just past the available ROM
If pt is relaxed this is called passive stretching
If pt assists in moving the joint through a greater range its called assisted stretching
Neuromuscular facilation & inhibition techniques
Relax tension in shortened muscles reflexively prior to or during muscle elongation
Indications for stretching
Soft tissues have lost extensibility resulting in adhesions, contractures, & scar tissue formation causing activity limitations
Restricted motion may lead to structural deformities
Muscle weakness & shortening of opposing tissue have lead to limited ROM
May be a component of a total fitness program to reduce/prevent injuries
Use prior to & after vigorous exercise
Contraindications for stretching
Bony block limits motion Recent fracture Acute inflammation or acute pain Hematoma Hypermobility
Benefits of Stretching
Restore or increase extensibility
Injury prevention/ reduced post exercise soreness
Increase muscular strength, power, endurance, or improvements in physical functioning
