Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT 116 > Kisner Ch 11 & 12- Joint, Connective tissue, and bone disorders > Flashcards

Kisner Ch 11 & 12- Joint, Connective tissue, and bone disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Arthritis and Arthrosis?

A

Impaired mobility
Impaired muscle performance
Impaired balance
Functional limitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what age does RA typically begin?

A

b/t 15 and 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the progression rate of RA?

A

May develop suddenly, with in weeks or months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does RA manifest?

A

Inflammatory synovitis and irreversible structural damage to cartilage and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What joints are involved with RA?

A

Affects many joints, usually bilaterally
MCP & PIP of hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders
Cervical spine
MTP, talonavicular & ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the JOINT signs and symptoms of RA?

A 
Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Prolonged morning stiffness
Increase joint pain w/ activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the SYSTEMIC signs and symptoms of RA?

A

General feeling of sickness & fatigue
Weight loss & fever
Development of rheumatoid nodules
May have ocular, respiratory, hematological, and cardiac symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age does OA typically begin?

A

After age of 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does OA progress?

A

Develops slowly over many years in response to mechanical stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does OA manifest?

A

Cartilage degradations
altered joint formation
osteophyte formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which joints are typically affected by OA?

A

Affects a few joints asymmetrically
DIP, PIP, 1st CMC of hands
Cervical and lumbar spine
Hips, knees, 1st MTP of feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the JOINT signs & symptoms of OA?

A

Morning stiffness, increased joint pain w/ weight bearing and strenuous activity
Crepitus and loss of ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe a POC for a pt. w/ RA during the active inflammatory period

A 
Patient education
Joint protection and energy conservation
Joint mobility
Exercise
Functional training
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe a POC for a pt. w/ RA during the subacute and chronic inflammatory period

A

Treatment approach
Joint protection and activity modification
Flexibility and strength
Cardiopulmonary endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the principles for joint protections and energy conservation for RA?

A

Monitor activities & stop when pt. feels discomfort or fatigue
Use frequent but short episodes of exercise
Alternate activities to avoid fatigue
Decrease level of activities or omit activities that provoke joint pain
Maintain a functional level of joint ROM & muscular strength and endurance
Balance work & rest to avoid muscular & total body fatigue
Increase rest during flare ups
Avoid deforming postures
Avoid prolonged static positioning/ change positions every 20-30 minutes
Use stronger and larger muscles and joints during activities
Use appropriate adaptive equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

POC for OA

A 
Patient instruction
Pain management: early stages
Pain management: late stages
Assistive and supportive devices and activity
Resistance exercise
Stretching and joint mobilization
Balance activities
Aerobic conditioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What similarities to fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome share?

A

Pain in muscles
Decreased ROM
Postural stresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibromyalgia vs Myofascial pain syndrome

A

FM: Tender points at specific cites, No referred patterns of pain, No tight band of muscle, & Fatigue and waking unrefreshed
MFPS: Trigger points in muscle, referred patterns of pain, tight band muscle, no fatigue related complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What factor contribute to Fibromyalgia flares ups?

A

Emotional stresses
Physical stresses
Environmental stresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interventions to assist w/ Fibromyalgia?

A 
Exercise
Prescription meds, OTC meds
Avoidance of stress factors
Cognitive behavior therapy
Pacing activities to avoid flare ups
Diet modification
Decreasing alcohol & caffeine consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the possible causes of trigger points for Myofascial pain syndrome?

A

Chronic & acute overload of muscle
Poorly conditioned muscles
Postural stresses
Poor body mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Management of Myofascial pain syndrome?

A

Correct contributing factors to chronic overload of the muscle
Eliminate the trigger point
Strengthen the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are primary risk factors for osteoporosis?

A 
Post menopausal
Caucasian or Asian decent
Family history
Low body weight
Little or no physical activity
diet low in calcium & vitamin D
Smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are secondary risk factors for osteoporosis?

A 
Gastrointestinal disorder
Hyperthyroidism
Chronic renal failure
Excessive alcohol consumption
Glucocorticoids
25
Q

How prevent osteoporosis?

A

Diet rich in calcium & vitamin D
Weight bearing exercise
Testing for bone density & medication if needed
Moderate alcohol consumption & no smoking

26
Q

What type of force causes a tranverse or oblique fracture, Greenstick in children?

A

Bending

27
Q

What type of force causes a spiral fracture?

A

twisting

28
Q

How is an avulsion fracture caused?

A

Straight pulling force

29
Q

What type of force causes stress fractures?

A

Repetitive microtrauma

30
Q

What type of fracture is created by a crushing force?

A

Compression fracture

Torus (buckle) fracture in children

31
Q

What type of force causes a pathological fracture?

A

Normal force on bone

32
Q

What are the types of abnormal healing of fractures?

A

Malunion
Delayed union
Non union

33
Q

What is a malunion?

A

fracture heals in an unsatisfactory position resulting in bone deformity

34
Q

What is a delayed union?

A

The fracture takes longer than normal to heal

35
Q

What is a non union?

A

fracture fails to unite w/ boney union

36
Q

Stages of bone healing

A

Inflammatory
Reparative
Remodeling

37
Q

What is a rigid internal fixation?

A

Surgical application of a rod or plate w/ screws to keep a bone stable while healing

38
Q

Healing time from fractures?

A

Children 4-6 weeks
Adolescents 6-8 weeks
Adults 10-18 weeks

39
Q

Cancellous bone is more susceptible to which type of forces?

A

Compressive

40
Q

What may be affected if a fracture occurs at an epiphyseal plate?

A

growth

41
Q

In what stage of bone healing does a callus form? Where do osteogenic cells proliferate from?

A

reparative

periosteum & endosteum

42
Q

Name the complications of fractures?

A 
swelling
fat embolism
problems w/ fixation devices
Infection
Refracture
Delayed or nonunion
43
Q

Post-fracture POC

A

Teach functional adaptions, safe ambulations, bed mobility
Ice & elevation
Intermittent muscle setting, active ROM to joints above & below immobilized region
Resistive exercises to major muscle groups not immobilized

44
Q

Post immobilization POC

A 
Joint mobilization
PNF stretching
Functional activities
Muscle performance
Scar tissue mobilization
45
Q

What are indications for surgical intervention?

A

Incapacitating pain at rest or with activity
Marked limitation of motion
Gross instability of a joint or bony segment
Joint deformity or abnormal alignment
Significant structural degeneration
Chronic joint swelling
Failed nonsurgical or previous surgical management
Significant loss of function leading to disability as the result of any of the preceding factors

46
Q

What examinations and evaluations are performed preoperation?

A 
Pain
Range of motion and joint integrity
Integrity of the skin
Muscle performance (strength and endurance)
Posture
Gait analysis
Functional status
47
Q

What are postoperative guidelines?

A

Instruction in safe positioning, safe limb movements & precautions/ contraindications
Relaxation exercises
Use of estim, ice, or heat
Proper wound care
Elevation of operated limb, active muscle pumping at distal joints, compression garments, gentle distal to proximal massage

48
Q

What are potential post operative complications?

A

Pulmonary Complications
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Subluxation or Dislocation after Joint Surgery
Restricted Motion From Adhesions and Scar Tissue Formation
Failure, Displacement, or Loosening of Internal Fixation

49
Q

What is Arthrodesis?

A

a surgical fusion of the surfaces of a joint

Indicated for joint pain associated w/ late-stage arthritis & joint instability

50
Q

Where is Arthodesis used most frequently?

A

Cervical, lumbar spine

Wrist, thumb, and ankle

51
Q

What is Arthroplasty?

A

Any reconstructive joint procedure, with or without joint implant, designed to relieve pain & improve function

52
Q

Arthroscopic debridement & lavage

A

Arthroscopic removal of fibrillated cartilage, unstable chondral flaps, and loose bodies in a joint

53
Q

What is arthroscopic debridement & lavage indicated for?

A

Relive joint pain and biomechanical catching during joint movements

54
Q

What is a synovectomy?

A

Removal of synovium (lining of a joint) in the presence of chronic inflammation

55
Q

What patient population typically undergoes this procedure?

A

RA patients

It is indicated if medical management has failed to alleviate joint inflammation for 4 to 6 months

56
Q

Post operative management for muscle repair

A

Immediately after surgery perform muscle setting exercise
After immobilization is removed begin AROM in protected range
Partial weight bearing until pt. achieves functional level of strength & flexibility
Low load, high rep resistance exercise
Vigorous stretching and full level activity are contraindicated until soft tissue healing is complete (typical 6 to 8 weeks)

57
Q

Post operative management for tendon repair

A

Muscle setting
Begin controlled antigravity motions after tendon has had several weeks to heal
Weight bearing may be restricted
Heavy lighting activities are contraindicated for 6 to 8 weeks

58
Q

What are procedures for Release, Lengthening, or Decompression of Soft Tissue?

A

Myotomy
Tenotomy
Fasiotomy

PT 116 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions