Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT 116 > Fractures (ch9) Joint Arthroplasty (ch10) > Flashcards

Fractures (ch9) Joint Arthroplasty (ch10) Flashcards

1
Q

What are classification of fractures?

A 
Linear
Oblique
Compression
Avulsion
Impaction
Stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of fracture occurs when one fragment is driven into another?

A

Impaction

Common in tibial plateau fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of fracture is caused by a sudden muscle contraction or pulling by a ligament in which the area of a bone where the ligament attaches is pulled away from the rest of the bone?

A

Avulsion

common in fifth metatarsal during inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of fracture occurs when the bone is compressed beyond its limits of tolerance? Where is this type of fracture mostly found?

A

Compression

Found in the vertebral bodies as a result of a flexion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of fracture runs parallel to the bone?

A

Linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of fracture runs perpendicular to the long axis of a bone? What causes them?

A

Transverse

Caused by tensile/ bending forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes a stress fracture?

A

repeated low force trauma

Common in athletes and military personnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

fractures that are exposed to the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a closed fracture? what usually accompanies a closed fracture?

A

Does not break the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What accounts for the largest number of fractures among the elderly? What are they associated with?

A

Osteoporosis

Poor balance & falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of fractures?

A

trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Greenstick and torus fractures are most common in?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary healing will occur if?

A

Intramedullary vasculature is intact
There is cortical contact
Fracture fixation provides compression across the fracture, reduces the interfragmentary gap to less than 1 mm, and eliminates motion at the fracture site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does secondary healing start?

A

with formation of a fibrous callus around the fracture site and ends with its conversion to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What occurs during the inflammatory stage of bone healing?

A

Formation of a hematoma at the injury site

Inflammatory cells invade the area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during the repair stage of bone healing?

A

Characterized by the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into the cell types necessary for tissue restoration
Soft callus is formed, then mineralized by osteoblasts, forming hard callus
ends when the fracture is clinically stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during the remodeling stage of bone healing?

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts replace the immature bone with mature, organized bone
Fully healed fracture is often stronger than the surrounding bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What risk factors can delayed healing?

A 
Mellitus 
Smoking 
Long-term steroid use 
NSAIDs and other medications 
Poor nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can e-stim help w/ bone healing?

A

Improve tissue healing
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) – noninvasive, well tolerated pain reliever
Electrical stimulation - high voltage pulsed current (HVPC) used to control edema
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used to improve strength and to retard the effects of disuse atrophy
Stimulate the biological processes involved in osteogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Weight bearing progressions during bone healing &

Assistive devices to be used

A

Gait Training - start with non-weight bearing (NWB), advance through toe-touch weight bearing (TTWB), to partial weight bearing (PWB), to full weight bearing as tolerated
Assistive devices - wheelchairs, walkers, and crutches to assist with mobility to reachers who enable a person to grasp something that is placed beyond his or her reach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ROM progressions

Gravity progressions

A

PROM> AAROM> AROM

Gravity eliminated> Gravity assisted > Against Gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is arthrofibrosis?

A

increased fibrous tissue in a joint that limits ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is arthropathy?

A

any disease or abnormal condition affecting a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is arthrodesis?

A

The surgical fusion of the bony surfaces of a joint w/ internal fixation such as pins, plates, nails, or bone graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is arthroplasty?

A

any reconstructive joint procedure with or without an implant that is designed to relieve pain and restore motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a hemiarthroplasty?

A

involves removing and replacing only one side of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can be used to treat fractures on or around the femoral neck that can not be treated by open reduction internal fixation ?

A

Bipolar or unipolar hemiarthroplasty

28
Q

Resection arthroplasty and fascial arthroplasty

A

do not involve replacement of the joint with an implant

29
Q

What are indications for Arthrodesis?

A

Painful, degenerative arthritis or RA that can not be helped by arthroplasty
Avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis
Neurological disease that resulted in an unstable joint
Neuropathic joints
Infection ie chronic osteomyelitis
Failed total joint arthroplasty cause by infection
Deltoid or quadriceps femoris paralysis

30
Q

What are the two main surgical approaches to a THA?

A

Anterior and posterolateral

31
Q

What are the indications for THA?

A

Pain and disability
Decreased muscle strength, limited hip ROM, and flexibility
Gait abnormalities

32
Q

What should patients with THA be educated on?

A

Weight-bearing & ROM restrictions
How to use of assistive devices such as walkers, crutches, and canes
Follow tissue healing parameters and the postsurgical precautions

33
Q

Goals of TKA interventions

A

Achieving knee flexion early in rehabilitation allows patients more independence
Improve balance and proprioception since they can impact the frequency of falls and subsequent injury

34
Q

Constrained Total shoulder arthroplasty

A

ball and socket design that reduces humeral motion

35
Q

Using NMES for TKA

A

potentially more effective than exercise alone b/c it recruits a greater proportion of type II fibers

36
Q

Exercise interventions for TKA

A

Pool therapy for gait training, ROM, strengthening, and recreation
Deep squats should be avoided
Stationary cycling and a walking program may be added to achieve optimal function

37
Q

Nonconstrained TSA

A

Nonconstrained TSA: resembles the normal anatomical motion of the shoulder joint

38
Q

Shoulder arthroplasties - prognosis

A

Over 70% of patients with shoulder fractures do have complete or near-complete relief of pain after TSA
Functional results vary, depending largely on the underlying cause
Outcome is best with a well-reduced fracture, a motivated patient, and an appropriate rehabilitation program maximum recovery of function usually occurring within 6-12 months of the surgery
Strength after TSA is generally sufficient to allow ADLs and light recreational fitness activities
TSA also significantly improves quality of life for patients with OA

39
Q

Goal of TSA interventions

A

Stability

The goal of inpatient therapy is to teach patients ROM activities that they can do at home

40
Q

Reason to have Total Elbow Arthroplasty

A

Useful when conservative management of a painful or unstable elbow is unsuccessful

41
Q

Four main designs of Total elbow arthroplasty

A

Constrained
Semiconstrained
Unconstrained
Resurfacing

42
Q

Total elbow arthroplasty – prognosis

A

TEA is generally effective for relieving pain but often results in loss of ROM and strength

43
Q

Following TEA what is recommended to decrease swelling

A

Compressive cryotherapy shown to decrease postoperative swelling
Early icing and compression are recommended
outcome is determined by surgeon preference

44
Q

What type of patient gets a total wrist arthroplasty?

A

Generally used to treat patients with RA that affects the wrist and low functional demands

45
Q

Total wrist arthroplasty – intervention

A

Rehabilitation after wrist arthroplasty requires balancing ROM and stability needs
Active ROM program should include active flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the wrist

46
Q

Finger arthroplasty

A

Used to treat a wide variety of painful conditions that limit hand function

47
Q

Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty

A

Implants may have a single- or two-piece hinge design, be constrained or nonconstrained, and be fixed with or without cement

48
Q

Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty goal and typical outcome

A

Goal is to decrease pain, enhance joint stability, and ultimately improve hand function

49
Q

Metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty - intervention

A

Therapy should protect the joint, improve ROM, and safely progress the patient back to activity
Based on the principles of tissue healing and scar formation

50
Q

Reason to have Interphalangeal joint arthroplasty

A

Treatment of pain, stiffness, deformity, instability, and loss of cartilage in the joint

51
Q

Goal of Interphalangeal joint arthroplasty?

A

Relieve pain and to improve hand function
Less flexion of the interphalangeal joints is needed for functional use of the index and middle finger than for the fourth and fifth fingers

52
Q

Continuous passive motion machine

A

Continuous passive motion (CPM) machine provides a slow and controlled passive mechanical force to move a joint through a prescribed or preset ROM

53
Q

What is the most common post-THA complication? What could it lead to?

A

Thrombosis

could lead to death if thrombi move to lungs

54
Q

Following a THA, when does the risk of dislocation level off?

A

between 10 and 13 weeks after surgery

55
Q

Following TSA, what is the hardest/ most painful motion to regain?

A

External rotation but it is important to achieve good ROM

56
Q

What activity is done immediately after or the day after TSA surgery?

A

PROM of GH joint

57
Q

In a TSA, what has been implicated as a risk factor for not regaining flexion ROM?

A

Muscle weakness

58
Q

In what position should exercises be performed following a TSA?

A

In the supine position and progressed to sitting

59
Q

Following a TSA, when can outpatient therapy & AROM activities begin?

A

10 to 14 days postoperatively

60
Q

What complex is important to strengthen but not overstress in a TSA patient?

A

rotator cuff

61
Q

What is used to decrease pain and swelling following a TKA?

A

Cold and compression

62
Q

When should ROM activities begin following TKA surgery? What motions should be stressed?

A

ROM should be initiated soon after surgery

ROM activities that address both flexion and extension

63
Q

What is essential for a normal gait pattern?

A

Full knee extension ROM is essential for a normal gait pattern and for efficient quadriceps function to stabilize the knee

64
Q

Why is patellar mobilization important in TKA patients?

A

Patellar mobilization is very important because the suprapatellar pouch is often where adhesions that limit ROM develop

65
Q

What ROM activities are beneficial following a TEA?

A

AAROM exercises include flexion-extension, pronation and supination at 90 degrees of elbow flexion

66
Q

What will help return strength and function following a TEA?

A

Routine performance of ADLs

PT 116 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions