Localization of Cortical Dysfunction Flashcards
vascular supply of frontal lobe
ACA and MCA
Jacksonian march
seizure in primary motor cortex that travels along gyrus and activates muscles in order seen on the motor homunculus
frontal eye fields
part of frontal lobe, responsible for contralateral saccades (voluntary eye movements to contralateral field)
lesion of FEF causes?
ipsilateral gaze preference
Broca’s aphasia
non-fluent, repetition is impaired, comprehension OK
Broca’s area: vascular supply
MCA
function of prefrontal cortex
provides ORDER, personality, executive function, sequence and organize facts, problem-solving
function of orbitofrontal cortex
- provides RESTRAINT
- part of limbic system
- inhibits socially inappropriate behavior
Pick’s disease
- frontotemporal dementia
- progressive neurodegeneration
- affects prefrontal cortex first (personality changes, irritability)
- also eventually affects orbitofrontal cortex and temporal cortex
function of mesiofrontal cortex
- provides INITIATIVE
- motivation
- goal-directed behavior
- micturition inhibitory center
lesion of mesiofrontal cortex: symptoms
akinetic mutism, abulia (lack of motivation), incontinence
what area of the brain drives spatial attention?
non-dominant parietal cortex
lesion of R parietal cortex: symptoms
contralateral neglect and apraxia (inability to perform skilled task)
Gerstmann syndrome
- lesion of dominant (L) parietal cortex
- symptoms: agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosias, R/L confusion
Wernicke’s aphasia
- fluent aphasia
- lots of nonsensical words come out
- no comprehension
- impaired repitition
vascular supply of Wernicke’s area
MCA
conduction aphasia
inability to repeat (mediated by arcuate fasciculus)
common cause of global aphasia
complete MCA stroke at its proximal origin (where ICA divides into MCA and ACA)
kluver-bucy syndrome cause
injury to bilateral anterior temporal poles and bilateral amygdala
degeneration of what occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease?
hippocampal atrophy
what are the primary and secondary blood supplies of the occipital pole?
primary: PCA
secondary: MCA
Balint syndrome
- lesion of bilateral occipital-parietal pathway
- simultagnosia (inability to perceive visual field as a whole)
- optic ataxia: inability to point/reach for objects
- ocular apraxia: inability to look at objects using saccades
- can be caused by MCA-PCA watershed infarcts
ACA-MCA watershed infarct
- “man in a barrel syndrome”
- caused by stenosis of ICA and systemic hypoperfusion
