preganglionic neurotransmitter of sympathetic
acetylcholine
postganglionic neurotransmitter of sympathetic
norepinephrine for most target organs, but ACh for sweat glands and vasodilator fibers
preganglionic neurotransmitter of parasympathetic
ACh
postganglionic neurotransmitter of parasympathetic
ACh
which ANS component has terminal ganglion in or close to the target visceral organ?
parasympathetic
where in the spinal cord does the sympathetic division originate?
T1-L2
where in the spinal cord does the parasympathetic division originate?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10 and S2-S4
parasympathetic pathway: CN 3
- brainstem nucleus
- peripheral ganglion
- target organ
- edinger westphal
- ciliary
- sphincter pupillae m.
parasympathetic pathway: CN 7
- brainstem nucleus
- peripheral ganglion
- target organ
- superior salivatory
- pterygopalatine or submandibular
- lacrimal gland or sublingual&submandibular glands
parasympathetic pathway: CN 9
- brainstem nucleus
- peripheral ganglion
- target organ
- inferior salivatory
- otic
- parotid gland
parasympathetic pathway: CN 10
- brainstem nucleus
- peripheral ganglion
- target organ
- dorsal motor nucleus
- myenteric & submucosal
- smooth mm. and glands of GI tract
vasovagal syncope: symptoms
muscle weakness, warm sensation, nausea, sweating
Horner’s syndrome
- loss of sympathetic innervation (dilator pupillae m., superior tarsal m., facial sweat glands)
- symptoms: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome): symptoms (5)
dysarthria (motor speech disorder), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), contralateral loss of pain and temperature, ipsilateral loss of facial sensation, Horner’s syndrome
micturition is under the control of which section of the spinal cord?
S2-S4
storage of urine is under the control of which section of the spinal cord?
T11-L2
hirschprung’s disease
congenital absence of myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus, no peristalsis in denervated colon
