Localisation of Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the motor cortex responsible for?

A

Generation of voluntary motor movements

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2
Q

Where is the motor cortex located?

A

Frontal lobe

- Precentral gyrus

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3
Q

What does the somatosensory cortex detect?

A

Sensory events arising from different regions of the body

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4
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobe

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5
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus dedicated to?

A

The processing of sensory information related to touch

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6
Q

Where is the primary visual centre located in the brain?

A

Visual cortex in the occipital lobe

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7
Q

How does the somatosensory cortex produce sensations?

A

sensory information from the skin

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8
Q

What sensations do the somatosensory cortex produce?

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Temperature
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9
Q

Where does visual processing actually begin?

A

The retina

  • Light enters and strikes the photoreceptors
  • Nerve impulses from the retina are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve
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10
Q

Where might some of the nerve impulses from the retina travel to?

A

Areas of the brain involved in the coordination of circadian rhythms

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11
Q

Where do the rest of the impulses terminate?

A

Thalamus

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12
Q

What does the thalamus act as?

A

A relay station passing information on the visual cortex

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13
Q

What is the auditiry centre in the brain concerned with?

A

Hearing

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14
Q

Where does most of the auditory centre lie?

A

The temporal lobes

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15
Q

Where do auditory pathways begin?

A

Cochlea ( inner ear)

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16
Q

What are sound waves then converted into?

A

Nerve impulses

17
Q

Where do the converted nerve impulses then travel to?

A

Auditory cortex

Via the auditory nerve

18
Q

What is the role of the brain stem is the jorney from the cochlea to the brain?

A

Decodes

For example: The duration and intensity of a sound

19
Q

Who is Broca’s area named after?

A

Paul Broca

A french neurosurgeon

20
Q

What was Broca’s patient refered as?

A

‘Tan’

21
Q

What was ‘Tan’s’ disorder?

A

He was able to understand spoken language

BUT unable to speak or express his thoughts in writing

22
Q

How many other patients did Broca study?

A

Eight

23
Q

What did Broca’s patients all have in common?

A

Language deficits

Lesions in their left frontal hemisphere

24
Q

Which patients didn’t have the same language problems?

A

Patients with damage to these areas in the right hemisphere

25
Q

What did Broca learn from his studies?

A

The existence of a language centre

In the posterior portions of the frontal lobe of a left hemisphere

26
Q

What have other neuroscientists found evidence of in Broca’s area?

A

Performance of cognitive tasks

27
Q

What did Fedorenko et al. (2012) discover?

A

Two regions of Broca’s area:
- One selectively involved in language
- The other involved in responding to many demanding cognitive tasks
> Eg Maths problems

28
Q

What did Carl Wernicke discover?

A

Another area of the brain responsible for understanding language

29
Q

What was the area Carl Wernicke discovered named?

A

Wernicke’s area

30
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A

Posterior portion of the left temporal lobe

31
Q

What was wrong with Wernicke’s patients?

A

They could speak but couldn’t understand language

32
Q

What did Wernicke propose about language?

A

Language involves separate motor and sensory regions located in different cortical regions