Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 ORTHODONTICS > LOCAL CAUSES OF MALOCCLUSION > Flashcards

LOCAL CAUSES OF MALOCCLUSION Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main aetiological causes of malocclusion?

A
  • skeletal = class 2/3, high FMPA
  • dental = missing teeth
  • soft tissue = lip trap
  • other = habits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the definition of a local cause of malocclusion?

A

a localised problem or abnormality within either arch, usually confined to one, two or several teeth producing a malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some examples of local causes of malocclusion?

A
  • variation in tooth number
  • variation in tooth size or form
  • abnormalities of tooth position
  • local abnormalities of soft tissues
  • local pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are examples of conditions that cause a variation in tooth number? (resulting in malocclusion)

A
  • supernumerary teeth (extra)
  • hypodontia (developmentally absent teeth)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what examples of variation of timing can cause malocclusion?

A
  • retained primary teeth
  • early loss of primary teeth
  • unscheduled loss of permanent teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are supernumerary teeth?

A

a tooth or tooth-like entity which is addition to the normal series of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who is more likely to get supernumerary teeth? where is this more common & what is the prevalence?

A
  • males > females
  • most common in anterior maxilla
  • 1% in primary dentition
  • 2% in permanent dentition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the four types of supernumerary teeth?

A
  1. conical
  2. tuberculate
  3. supplemental
  4. odontome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the features of conical supernumerary teeth?

A
  • small & peg shaped
  • found close to midline
  • usually 1 or 2 in number
  • tend to erupt though gingiva
  • may displace adjacent teeth but tend not to prevent eruption of normal teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the features of tuberculate supernumerary teeth?

A
  • tend not to erupt
  • usually paired
  • barrel-shaped
  • one of the MAIN CAUSES of failure of eruption of permanent upper incisors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the features of supplemental supernumerary teeth?

A
  • extra teeth of NORMAL MORPHOLOGY
  • usually upper lateral or lower incisors
  • often extract these
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are compound odontome supernumerary teeth?

A
  • discreet denticles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are complex odontome supernumerary teeth?

A

disorganised mass of dentine, pulp and enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is hypodontia?

A

developmental absence of one or more teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who is more likely to suffer from hypodontia?

A

females > males (3:2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what teeth are often missing in a patient with hypodontia?

A

upper laterals or second premolars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why are primary teeth sometimes retained in the mouth?

A
  • absent successor
  • ectopic successor or dilacerated
  • infra-occluded (ANKYLOSED) primary molars
  • dentally delayed in terms of development
  • pathology/supernumerary
18
Q

if a patient has an absent successor permanent tooth, what are the options?

A
  • maintain primary tooth as long as possible
  • extract deciduous tooth early to encourage space closure
19
Q

what is infra-occlusion of primary molars?

A

process where a tooth fails to achieve or maintain its occlusal relationship with adjacent teeth
- temporal ankylosis
- percussion sound

20
Q

what is the definition of “slight” infra-occlusion of a primary molar?

A

between occlusal surface and interproximal contact, less than 2mm

21
Q

what is the definition of “moderate” infra-occlusion of a primary molar?

A

within occluso-gingival margins of interproximal contact

22
Q

what is the definition of “severe” infra-occlusion of a primary molar?

A

below interproximal contact point

23
Q

why might early loss of primary teeth occur?

A
  1. trauma
  2. periapical pathology
  3. caries
  4. resorption by successor
24
Q

If a primary tooth is lost, what does subsequent crowding of permanent teeth depend on?

A
  • which tooth is extracted
  • when the tooth is extracted
  • the patients inherent crowding
25
Q

what occurs if primary incisors are lost early?

A
  • very little impact
  • no compensating or balancing extraction
26
Q

what occurs if primary canines are lost early?

A
  • unilateral loss in crowded arch can give centre-line shift
  • will get some mesial drift of buccal segments
  • consider balancing extraction
27
Q

what occurs if primary molars are lost early?

A
  • more space loss with Es >Ds
  • more space loss in upper > lower
  • 6s drift mesially and steal 5 space
28
Q

what factors influence the impact of the loss of 6s?

A
  1. age at loss
  2. crowding
  3. malocclusion
29
Q

what is the condition when teeth are too large?

A

macrodontia

30
Q

what is the name of the condition when teeth are too small?

A

microdontia

31
Q

what problems are caused by macrodontia?

A
  • crowding
  • asymmetry
  • aesthetics
32
Q

what problems can arise from microdontia?

A
  • leads to spacing
  • linked to hypodontia
33
Q

what are examples of abnormal form conditions of teeth?

A
  • peg shaped laterals
  • dens in dentate
  • germinated/fused teeth
  • talon cusps
  • dilaceration
  • accessory cusps & ridges
34
Q

at what ages do you check for palpable buccal canine bulge?

A

from 9 years onwards

35
Q

what are ectopic first molars a sign of?

A
  • crowding (greater in CLP)
  • mesial path of eruption
  • abnormal morphology of E
36
Q

what are the features of ectopic first molars?

A
  • less than 5%
  • more commonly U arch
  • reversible before age 8
37
Q

what is the dental definition of transpositions?

A

interchange in the position of two teeth

38
Q

what are the 2 classifications of transpositions in teeth?

A
  • true
  • pseudo
39
Q

what teeth are most commonly transpositioned?

A
  • upper canines & first molars
  • lower canines and incisors
40
Q

what local abnormalities of soft tissues can cause malocclision?

A
  • digit sucking
  • fraenum
  • tongue thrust
41
Q

what are the clinical features of a digit sucking habit?

A
  • proclined upper incisors
  • retroclined lower incisors
  • anterior open bite
  • unilateral posterior crossbite
42
Q

what can abnormality of the labial fraenum lead to in relation to malocclision?

A

may cause median diastema

BDS3 ORTHODONTICS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions