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local area networks Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a network

A
  • 2 or more devices connected by some type of communications channels.
    -exists to share hardware and software resources between devices
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2
Q

node

A

any device connected to a network

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3
Q

LAN

A

local area network
networking capabilities of computers near each other that share resources and connect to other LANS + the internet

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4
Q

what are the basic requirements of a network

A

hardware as source/sender
connection
hardware as destination/receiver

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5
Q

eg. of nodes

A

PCs, servers, printers

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6
Q

server

A

central network computer that provides various resources

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7
Q

eg. connecting devices

A

switches,bridges,routers

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8
Q

bounded connection media

A

signals are confined to the medium + dont leave it
cables carry signals between computers and peripheral devices

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9
Q

twisted pair cable

A

2 insulated strands of copper wire twisted around each other - prevents electrical interference

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10
Q

STP

A

shielded twisted pair
more expensive/bulkier - twisted pairs enclosed in protective foil
less affected by interference than UTP

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11
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair
most widely used network cable
easy to install,expand + trouble shoot

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12
Q

UTP variations

A

UTP Cat 1- traditional telephones
UTP Cat 5e- most popular

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13
Q

disadvantages of twisted pair

A

attenuation, cross talk, eavesdropping, electro magnetic interference
length cant exceed 100m

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14
Q

unbounded connection media

A

source +destination devices connected w/o physical connection
eg infrared,bluetooth,microwaves

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15
Q

advantages of twisted pair

A

low cost
easy to install

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16
Q

fibre optic cable

A

carry digital data pulses in the form of light
cable- extremely thin cylinder of glass surrounded by cladding
includes 2 strands in separate sheaths - 1 transmits and 1 receives

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17
Q

advantages of fibre optic cable

A

high speeds of data transmission
secure transmission over long distances

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18
Q

disadvantages of fibre optic cables

A

more expensive than UTP
expertise needed to install + connect

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19
Q

wireless technologies

A

allow for transfer of data over short + long distances
used mostly for long rage communications (radio + microwave communication, light, infrared)

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20
Q

bluetooth

A

wireless technology used to send data over short distances
uses short wavelength radio transmissions from 2400 - 2480MHz
inexpensive, automatic

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21
Q

versions of bluetooth

A

1.0 max transfer speed of 1Mbps
2.0 backwards compatible, max 3Mbps
3.0 24 Mbps
4.0 + 5.0 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) applications with lower power consumption

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22
Q

advantages of bluetooth

A

can handle data + voice transmissions simultaneously

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23
Q

NFC

A

near field communication
wireless connection between 2 devices in close proximity
2 way communication (used in contactless payment systems)

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24
Q

radio waves

A

electromagnetic wave used in communication technologies + data transfer
used in radio,TV and mobile phones
long wavelengths in EM spectrum(1mm to 100km +)

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25
EM spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum 7 regions in order of decreasing wavelength + increasing energy + wavelengths (higher frequency =shorter distance)
26
broadcast
communication channel shared by all devices in a network signal heard by multiple parties eg radio stations
27
point to point communication
directly connects 2 nodes of a network eg telephone call
28
topology
physical set up of a network and how nodes are connected
29
STAR topology
cable connected to NIC has other end in a port on a switch which boosts signals coming through it UTP cable most commonly used for this
30
advantages of STAR topology
easy to set up + maintain as cables all connect to central device a problem w one node/cable, adding or removing nodes will not disrupt network most commonly used topology easy to extend if free ports on switch
31
disadvantages of STAR topology
large amount of cabling required switch adds to cost if switch fails- whole network fails
32
BUS topology
all nodes connect to 1 backbone which has a terminator at the end to stop signals bouncing out used in older LANS (no longer as popular)
33
advantages of BUS topology
requires less cabling than STAR topology no switch needed- further reduced costs easy to extend network
34
disadvantages of BUS topology
faults are difficult to trace (common cable) one point of failure- whole network won’t work can result in congestion (common cable)
35
ring topology
all nodes are connected in a closed loop data signals travel around loop in one direction + pass through each computer each computer boosts signal and sends it to next Now- Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) - light transmits signals over 2 fibre optic cable rings
36
single ring topology
failure of 1 comp caused whole network to fail
37
double ring topology
1 ring fails, signals can still be sent on other
38
advantages of ring topology
orderly little singal degradation easy to create larger ring
39
disadvantages of ring topology
changes of devices can disrupt network slower than STAR topology one failure- failure of whole system
40
hybrid topology
aka tree combo of 2 or more different network topologies
41
advantages of hybrid toplogies
reliable (error detection and troubleshooting easy) flexible scalable effective
42
disadvantages of hybrid topology
complex design costly
43
ethernet
connects nodes in LAN so they can share resources and communicate using a common protocol protocol indicates how nodes transmit, receive,process and recognise data fast data speed transfer delivers consistent speed data doesn’t need to be encrypted lower latency cable installation infrastructure required
44
IP Address
internet protocol address numerical label assigned to each device so it can communicate on the internet static or dynamic
45
IP Address versions
v4 - 32 binary bits create unique address (4 decimal numbers separated by .) v6- 128 binary bits create unique address (8 groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by : )
46
MAC address
media access control address hardware (static) identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network 48 bit serial number- 6 2-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by :
47
protocols
define how data is transmitted between computing devices over network determines how errors will be handled stipulates if data will be compressed determines how sending + receiving devices will communicate
48
ARP
address resolution protocol allows for MAC address to link to an IP address using ARP table which is stored in RAM of NIC also stores MAC address of other devices on network
49
DHCP
dynamic host configuration protocol assigns each client a unique address keeps record of used, available and assigned addresses
50
DNS
domain name servers maintain directory of domain names and translates them to IP addresses stored at Central Registry
51
TCP/IP protocol
communication protocol for internet defines rules that computers must follow in order to communicate w each other defines how data formatted, addressed,transmitted, routed and received
52
TCP
transmission control protocol connection oriented protocol therefore no corruption while transferring messages messages delivered in correct order eg www, email, file transfer
53
UDP
user datagram protocol type of transportation protocol connection less protocol- may be corruption whilst transferring messages no guarantee what order messages will arive eg streaming media applications, online multiplayer games fast
54
NIC
network interface card physical connection between computer and network cable
55
repeater
connects network segments over long distances strengthens all signals (has no intelligence)
56
bridge
connects similar networks (same protocol) makes intelligent decisions
57
switch
connects nodes in STAR topology is sent messages in form of frames boosts incoming signals + sends to messages to intended nodes reduces network traffic (only goes to node w/ matching MAC address)
58
router
determines best/shortest route to connect to internet boosts signals determines best routes for data data packets to travel routing table stores info about all networks router is connected to connect diff networks using the same protocol
59
packet
allows for info to be exchanged between diff LANS allows router to send + receive data across internet using IP addresses Header (instructions abt data) payload (actual data) trailer/footer (error or acknowledgement- Cyclic Redundancy Check)
60
Frame
created by datalink layer encapsulates packet from network layer as frame’s payload 802.3 - telephone, 802.11- wireless
61
FCS
frame check sequence used to detect if errors occurred in data transmission
62
VLAN
A logical subdivision of a network's devices to isolate traffic or for security reasons based on function and security requirements allows multiple networks to share the same physical infrastructure without interfering
63
VLAN TAGS
allow LAN switches to distinguish between logical + physical groups of LAN ports 4 byte field
64
WLAN
wireless lan consists of wireless components communicating w network that use’s cabling provides portability provides backup to an existing network extends networks beyond limits of cable connectivity useful for mobile devices and isolated areas consists of microcell- wireless transceiver in fixed position that broadcasts signal w/in an area
65
WAP
wireless access point provides access to wired ethernet network access point plugs into switch + sends out wireless signals
66
hotspots
site that offers internet access over WLAN uses router/wireless access point connected to an ISP
67
wireless bridge
provides data path between 2 network segments
68
wifi router
allows multiple computers to join same network provides access to internet can function as switch , internet router or access point
69
WMN
wireless mesh network many wireless nodes w/ access points spread out among wireless mesh nodes share network each node acts as a router only requires one node to be physically connected to switch more nodes- further connection
70
advantages of WMN
reduced cable cost robust can “self heal” easy to extend
71
disadvantages of WMN
increased workload for each node initial set up is complicated

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