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IT > local area networks > Flashcards

local area networks Flashcards

1
Q

what is a network

A
  • 2 or more devices connected by some type of communications channels.
    -exists to share hardware and software resources between devices
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2
Q

node

A

any device connected to a network

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3
Q

LAN

A

local area network
networking capabilities of computers near each other that share resources and connect to other LANS + the internet

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4
Q

what are the basic requirements of a network

A

hardware as source/sender
connection
hardware as destination/receiver

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5
Q

eg. of nodes

A

PCs, servers, printers

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6
Q

server

A

central network computer that provides various resources

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7
Q

eg. connecting devices

A

switches,bridges,routers

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8
Q

bounded connection media

A

signals are confined to the medium + dont leave it
cables carry signals between computers and peripheral devices

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9
Q

twisted pair cable

A

2 insulated strands of copper wire twisted around each other - prevents electrical interference

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10
Q

STP

A

shielded twisted pair
more expensive/bulkier - twisted pairs enclosed in protective foil
less affected by interference than UTP

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11
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair
most widely used network cable
easy to install,expand + trouble shoot

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12
Q

UTP variations

A

UTP Cat 1- traditional telephones
UTP Cat 5e- most popular

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13
Q

disadvantages of twisted pair

A

attenuation, cross talk, eavesdropping, electro magnetic interference
length cant exceed 100m

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14
Q

unbounded connection media

A

source +destination devices connected w/o physical connection
eg infrared,bluetooth,microwaves

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15
Q

advantages of twisted pair

A

low cost
easy to install

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16
Q

fibre optic cable

A

carry digital data pulses in the form of light
cable- extremely thin cylinder of glass surrounded by cladding
includes 2 strands in separate sheaths - 1 transmits and 1 receives

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17
Q

advantages of fibre optic cable

A

high speeds of data transmission
secure transmission over long distances

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18
Q

disadvantages of fibre optic cables

A

more expensive than UTP
expertise needed to install + connect

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19
Q

wireless technologies

A

allow for transfer of data over short + long distances
used mostly for long rage communications (radio + microwave communication, light, infrared)

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20
Q

bluetooth

A

wireless technology used to send data over short distances
uses short wavelength radio transmissions from 2400 - 2480MHz
inexpensive, automatic

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21
Q

versions of bluetooth

A

1.0 max transfer speed of 1Mbps
2.0 backwards compatible, max 3Mbps
3.0 24 Mbps
4.0 + 5.0 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) applications with lower power consumption

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22
Q

advantages of bluetooth

A

can handle data + voice transmissions simultaneously

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23
Q

NFC

A

near field communication
wireless connection between 2 devices in close proximity
2 way communication (used in contactless payment systems)

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24
Q

radio waves

A

electromagnetic wave used in communication technologies + data transfer
used in radio,TV and mobile phones
long wavelengths in EM spectrum(1mm to 100km +)

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25
Q

EM spectrum

A

electromagnetic spectrum
7 regions in order of decreasing wavelength + increasing energy + wavelengths (higher frequency =shorter distance)

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26
Q

broadcast

A

communication channel shared by all devices in a network
signal heard by multiple parties
eg radio stations

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27
Q

point to point communication

A

directly connects 2 nodes of a network
eg telephone call

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28
Q

topology

A

physical set up of a network and how nodes are connected

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29
Q

STAR topology

A

cable connected to NIC has other end in a port on a switch which boosts signals coming through it
UTP cable most commonly used for this

30
Q

advantages of STAR topology

A

easy to set up + maintain as cables all connect to central device
a problem w one node/cable, adding or removing nodes will not disrupt network
most commonly used topology
easy to extend if free ports on switch

31
Q

disadvantages of STAR topology

A

large amount of cabling required
switch adds to cost
if switch fails- whole network fails

32
Q

BUS topology

A

all nodes connect to 1 backbone which has a terminator at the end to stop signals bouncing out
used in older LANS (no longer as popular)

33
Q

advantages of BUS topology

A

requires less cabling than STAR topology
no switch needed- further reduced costs
easy to extend network

34
Q

disadvantages of BUS topology

A

faults are difficult to trace (common cable)
one point of failure- whole network won’t work
can result in congestion (common cable)

35
Q

ring topology

A

all nodes are connected in a closed loop
data signals travel around loop in one direction + pass through each computer
each computer boosts signal and sends it to next
Now- Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) - light transmits signals over 2 fibre optic cable rings

36
Q

single ring topology

A

failure of 1 comp caused whole network to fail

37
Q

double ring topology

A

1 ring fails, signals can still be sent on other

38
Q

advantages of ring topology

A

orderly
little singal degradation
easy to create larger ring

39
Q

disadvantages of ring topology

A

changes of devices can disrupt network
slower than STAR topology
one failure- failure of whole system

40
Q

hybrid topology

A

aka tree
combo of 2 or more different network topologies

41
Q

advantages of hybrid toplogies

A

reliable (error detection and troubleshooting easy)
flexible
scalable
effective

42
Q

disadvantages of hybrid topology

A

complex design
costly

43
Q

ethernet

A

connects nodes in LAN so they can share resources and communicate using a common protocol
protocol indicates how nodes transmit, receive,process and recognise data
fast data speed transfer
delivers consistent speed
data doesn’t need to be encrypted
lower latency
cable installation infrastructure required

44
Q

IP Address

A

internet protocol address
numerical label assigned to each device so it can communicate on the internet
static or dynamic

45
Q

IP Address versions

A

v4 - 32 binary bits create unique address (4 decimal numbers separated by .)

v6- 128 binary bits create unique address (8 groups of hexadecimal numbers separated by : )

46
Q

MAC address

A

media access control address
hardware (static) identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network
48 bit serial number- 6 2-digit hexadecimal numbers separated by :

47
Q

protocols

A

define how data is transmitted between computing devices over network
determines how errors will be handled
stipulates if data will be compressed
determines how sending + receiving devices will communicate

48
Q

ARP

A

address resolution protocol
allows for MAC address to link to an IP address using ARP table which is stored in RAM of NIC
also stores MAC address of other devices on network

49
Q

DHCP

A

dynamic host configuration protocol
assigns each client a unique address
keeps record of used, available and assigned addresses

50
Q

DNS

A

domain name servers
maintain directory of domain names and translates them to IP addresses
stored at Central Registry

51
Q

TCP/IP protocol

A

communication protocol for internet
defines rules that computers must follow in order to communicate w each other
defines how data formatted, addressed,transmitted, routed and received

52
Q

TCP

A

transmission control protocol
connection oriented protocol therefore no corruption while transferring messages
messages delivered in correct order
eg www, email, file transfer

53
Q

UDP

A

user datagram protocol
type of transportation protocol
connection less protocol- may be corruption whilst transferring messages
no guarantee what order messages will arive
eg streaming media applications, online multiplayer games
fast

54
Q

NIC

A

network interface card
physical connection between computer and network cable

55
Q

repeater

A

connects network segments over long distances
strengthens all signals (has no intelligence)

56
Q

bridge

A

connects similar networks (same protocol)
makes intelligent decisions

57
Q

switch

A

connects nodes in STAR topology
is sent messages in form of frames
boosts incoming signals + sends to messages to intended nodes
reduces network traffic (only goes to node w/ matching MAC address)

58
Q

router

A

determines best/shortest route to connect to internet boosts signals
determines best routes for data data packets to travel
routing table stores info about all networks router is connected to
connect diff networks using the same protocol

59
Q

packet

A

allows for info to be exchanged between diff LANS
allows router to send + receive data across internet using IP addresses
Header (instructions abt data)
payload (actual data)
trailer/footer (error or acknowledgement- Cyclic Redundancy Check)

60
Q

Frame

A

created by datalink layer
encapsulates packet from network layer as frame’s payload
802.3 - telephone, 802.11- wireless

61
Q

FCS

A

frame check sequence
used to detect if errors occurred in data transmission

62
Q

VLAN

A

A logical subdivision of a network’s devices to isolate traffic or for security reasons based on function and security requirements
allows multiple networks to share the same physical infrastructure without interfering

63
Q

VLAN TAGS

A

allow LAN switches to distinguish between logical + physical groups of LAN ports
4 byte field

64
Q

WLAN

A

wireless lan
consists of wireless components communicating w network that use’s cabling
provides portability
provides backup to an existing network
extends networks beyond limits of cable connectivity
useful for mobile devices and isolated areas
consists of microcell- wireless transceiver in fixed position that broadcasts signal w/in an area

65
Q

WAP

A

wireless access point
provides access to wired ethernet network
access point plugs into switch + sends out wireless signals

66
Q

hotspots

A

site that offers internet access over WLAN
uses router/wireless access point connected to an ISP

67
Q

wireless bridge

A

provides data path between 2 network segments

68
Q

wifi router

A

allows multiple computers to join same network
provides access to internet
can function as switch , internet router or access point

69
Q

WMN

A

wireless mesh network
many wireless nodes w/ access points spread out among wireless mesh nodes
share network
each node acts as a router
only requires one node to be physically connected to switch
more nodes- further connection

70
Q

advantages of WMN

A

reduced cable cost
robust can “self heal”
easy to extend

71
Q

disadvantages of WMN

A

increased workload for each node
initial set up is complicated

IT (16 decks)

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