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CompTIA A+ > Local Area Networking > Flashcards

Local Area Networking Flashcards

1
Q

ARPANET

A

basis for early internet

Adopted TCP/IP protocols

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2
Q

Types of IP Addresses

A

Class C - 210.11.12.x where you gets ranging from 210.11.12.1 - 210.11.12.254

Class B - 172.16.x.x

Class A - 6.x.x.x

Class D - 224.x.x.x (addresses for multicast)

Class E - 240.x.x.x

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3
Q

IP Addressing and what gets added to an Ethernet frame

A

Destination and source IP addresses get added to an Ethernet frame along with the destination and source MAC address, the data and the FCS (the frame check sequence)

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4
Q

Subnet Mask

A

255.255.255.0

Where you see a 255 the numbers have to be the same
where you see a 0 they can be different

By comparing another IP address with the subnet mask your computer can determine if it can send data to a local machine or to the router so it can go to another LAN

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5
Q

0 at the end of an IP address

A

Putting a 0 at the end of an IP address means your identifying an entire LAN and not a singular computer

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6
Q

Static IP Address

A

Manually entering an IP Address, the subnet mask and the default gateway

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7
Q

Private IP addresses

A

Class A 10.x.x.x

Class B 172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x

Class C 192.168.x.x

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8
Q

Loopback Address

A

127.0.0.1

Refers to your own system

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9
Q

NAT (Network Address Translation)

A

Instead of every computer getting an IP address, we can assign an IP address to a router for a LAN and then assign private IP addresses to private computers on the LAN

When your router gets data to be sent to the internet, it will change the destination and source IPs on the frames to your LAN’s public IP addresses

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10
Q

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A

Dynamically assigns IP addresses to computers that connect to the network

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11
Q

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing)

A

Found on pretty much all Operating Systems.

Basically the fallback if you can’t find a DHCP server

  • Will always give a 169.254.X.X address
    Class B - 255.255.0.0 Subnet Mask
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12
Q

ipconfig /renew

A

a command that forces a new connection the DHCP Server

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13
Q

IPv6

A

8 Groups of 4 characters seperated by 7 colons
2001:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:8a2e

Short Hand
2001:0:0:1:0:0:0:8a2e (Replace 0000 w/ 0 and 0001 w/ 1)

2001:0:0:1::8a2e (replace 0:0:0 with ::)

Uses a 128-bit Addressing Scheme

Hexadecimal

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14
Q

Link-Local Address

A

Always starts with fe80:0000:0000:0000

the last half is auto generated by the computer

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15
Q

Port Number

A

0-65535

How computers know which application is send and receiving data

Source and destination port number on Ethernet Frame
to and from port numbers and IPs get swapped when coming back

IP addresses get frames to the right computer but ports get it to the right application

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16
Q

Types of Ports

A

Ports 0-1023 - Well Known

Ports 1024-49151 - Registered Ports

Ports 49152-65535 - Dynamic/Ephemeral

17
Q

Protocol

A

Set of rules that allow different things to work together

18
Q

TCP / IP

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

A

TCP - Connection Based Protocol

Protocol that establishes a connection between client and server first called a Handshake

19
Q

UDP - Connectionless Protocol

A

No handshakes like TCP just sends data without a hello

20
Q

ICMP

A

Single Packet Only

Example - Ping

21
Q

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

A

Ethernet Frame:
Full frame with mac addresses and FCS

IP Packet:
IP addresses, ports and data

TCP Segment/UDP Datagram:
Ports and Data

22
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

Replaced Host Files

Root servers - “.”

First level domains - “.com”, “.edu”, “.gov”

Second level domains - “totalsem.com”, “google.com”

When you type in an URL you will connect to a DNS server that checks if it has an IP address for the website

ipconfig /all to view DNS server

23
Q

Fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

A

256 Character Limit

Taking a unique domain address and getting it registered to a DNS server

24
Q

nslookup

A

Tool that checks if a DNS server is up and legitimate

You can select a DNS server, local or not, and query domain IPs to test if a certain DNS server is up and runnign correctly

25
Q

Netbios

A

Naming convention for Windows

Computers will have a Name and be part of 1 of 2 groups

Workgroup or Domain

26
Q

Workgroup vs Domain

A

Workgroup is the most basic type of networking organization there is and is the default setting for a windows computer

Domain: You’ll need a different kind of computer, Windows Server System

27
Q

Active Directory Domain

A

Provide security and central administration

28
Q

Homegroup

A

Some kind of combination between workgroup convenience
and security from active directory

after the first few versions of windows 10 microsoft removed homegroups etnirely

29
Q

Routers

A

Filter and forward traffic based on IP addresses

connect LANs

30
Q

Routing Table

A

Table of addresses that the router can send traffic to depending on the IP addresses on an ethernet frame

31
Q

Router w/ WAP

A

Most home routers will come with Wireless

but in an enterprise setting if you want Wireless you’ll set up individual WAPs and a normal router

32
Q

DOCSIS

A

Cable modem connection

Routers can use multiple types of connections like this and still keep packets in good shape

33
Q

Console Port

A

Port on some routers, that require a specific cable, used to configure

34
Q

Yost / Rollover cable

A

DB-9 Connection and RJ-45 looking connection cable used for console ports on a router

35
Q

SOHO

A

Small Office / Home Office

36
Q

Quality of Service (QoS)

A

Ways to configure bandwidth limits on many different things like MAC addresses, ports

37
Q

UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol

A

help with network device identification

38
Q

Simple Network Management Protocol

A

enables querying of network devices

39
Q

VLAN (Virutal LAN)

A

Can partition switches for specific things

CompTIA A+ (8 decks)

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