Intro to Networking

Question 1

LAN (Local Area Network)

Answer 1

Devices connected to a HUB (switch, wireless access point etc…) in a house or small business

Question 2

Ethernet

Answer 2

You can only make your data in to discrete chunks of fifteen hundred bytes
these chunks are called Frames

Defines frames, how our network cards work. also defines cables and connectors we use

Question 3

MAC Address (Media Access Control)

Answer 3

Address assigned to a Network Interface Card (NIC)

48 bit address
Represented by 12 hexadecimal characters

Question 4

OEM ID

Answer 4

First 6 Hexadecimal part of the MAC address

These are the same based on manufacturer

Question 5

Frame

Answer 5

1500 byte data chunk
Source and Destination MAC Addresses
Frame Check Sequence (FCX)

Question 6

HUB vs Switch

Answer 6

Repeater (on a HUB) - Takes an incoming frame/signal and repeats it back out to all things connected on

Switch will collect mac addresses when computers connect
Switches can read destination MAC addresses so computers on the same network don’t interrupt each other
Switches provide full bandwidth for all nodes *

nobody uses HUBs anymore

Switches connect up to 1024 computers on a LAN

Question 7

Hexadecimal

Answer 7

Base 16 numbering system
used to translate binary (4 bits 0000)
all 16 possible combinations of 4 bit binary 0000 - 1111 are represented by 0 - 9 then a - f

Question 8

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Answer 8

Connects a bunch of LANs

Question 9

Router

Answer 9

Can connect to other LANs

Use logical addressing to determine local vs remote traffic

Router will usually have 192.168.4.1
Usually called the Default Gateway

Question 10

Logical Addressing

Answer 10

IP Addressing

Type of addressing that’s not physical like MAC addresses

192.168.4.xxx Example

Question 11

Coaxial Cables

Answer 11

RG Ratings - RG-58, RG-59, RG-6

F-Type connector

RG-58 - BNC Connector

Question 12

Twisted Pair

Answer 12

Most networks use twisted pair cabling

UTP - Unshielded twisted pair
- 100m

RJ-11 Telephone connector
RJ-45 ethernet cable

STP - Shielded twisted pair
can be close to interference since it has protective casing

Question 13

Fiber Optic

Answer 13

Uses light instead of electricity

Multimode - Propagates signal with LEDs
Singlemod - Propagates signal using lasers

Tend to see multimode in homes
single mode good for distance

Question 14

CAT Ratings

Answer 14

CAT 5 - 100 Mb/s
CAT 5e - 1Gb/s
CAT 6e - 1Gb/s up to 100m, 10Gb/s up to 55m
CAT 6a - 10Gb/s up to 100m

Question 15

Plenum Ratings

Answer 15

Plenum areas are areas below a raised floor or a lowered ceiling where you can run cables through

Ability to resist fire

PVC (non-plenum)

Question 16

TIA 568A / TIA568B

Answer 16

Left to right (flap on the bottom)

568A - Green White, Green, Orange White, Blue, Blue White, Orange, Brown White, Brown

568B - Orange White, Orange, Green White, Blue, Blue White, Green, Brown White, Brown

Blues and borwns stay in the same spot green is first 2 on 568A and orange is first 2 on 568B

Question 17

Straight Through Cable

Answer 17

Correctly wired cable with both ends 568A or B

Question 18

Crossover Cable

Answer 18

One end of the cable it 568A and the other end is 568B

Question 19

Structured Cabling

Answer 19

Usually a room for equipment and the Main Distribution Frame

Horizontal Run - Cables run through the walls from the main equipment room to an outlet usually.
Usually limited at 90 meters

Patch Cables are used from the outlet to computer
and from the switch to 19 inch rack

Question 20

Solid Core vs Stranded

Answer 20

Types of UTP (Unshielded twisted pair)

Solid Core - Each one of those 8 wires is a solid piece of copper

Stranded - Each one of those 8 wires is stranded to be more flexible

Question 21

Punchdown Tool

Answer 21

Used to punchdown one end of the Horizontal Run cables into the equipment rack