Local Anesthetics Flashcards
Where are esters broken down? Amides?
Blood by pseudocholinesterases; Liver
Lidocaine is what type of LA?
Amide
Two common components of LA’s that may cause an allergic reaction.
1) PABAs found in ester LA’s.
2) Methylparabens, which used to be used as a preservative, but are no longer allowed to be used in LA’s according to the FDA.
Esters are broken down into this molecule, and often cause allergic reactions.
PABA’s
This used to be a preservative in LA carpules, but the FDA has since banned them.
Methylparabens
These drugs block Na+ channels.
LA’s, anti-arryhthmic, and anti-epileptic drugs.
Order in which nerves are preferentially blocked by local anesthetics.
Small myelinated > non-myelinated > large myelinated
________ and _____________ are blocked first.
Nociceptive; Sympathetic
How does the acidity (pH) of the tissue affect the LA?
It determines whether the LA is in the ionized or non-ionized form.
Which form of LA crosses the nerve cell membrane to bind to Na+ channels and cause anesthesia?
NON-ionized form!
Most anesthetics are weak ________.
Bases
Which has a faster onset of action: Lidocaine or Bupivicaine?
Lidocaine
LA’s with a ________ pKa have a faster onset of anesthesia.
lower
What is Kovanaze made of?
Tetracaine and Oxymetazoline
What type of anesthetic is Tetracaine?
Ester
