Local Anaesthesia Flashcards
What is the definition of local anesthetics?
Temporary loss of sensation in one part of the body without loss of consciousness.
Why is pain control important in pediatric dentistry?
Minimizing pain reduces negative feelings towards dental treatments in the future.
What is the cornerstone of success in pediatric dental procedures?
Painless injection.
Which nerve supplies maxillary teeth and their buccal muco-periosteum?
Maxillary branch (2nd division) of the trigeminal nerve.
Which nerve innervates the maxillary central, lateral incisors, and canines?
Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve.
What is the nerve responsible for the palatal muco-periosteum of maxillary incisors?
Naso-Palatine Nerve.
What nerve supplies mandibular central and lateral incisors, and canines?
Incisive Nerve (Terminal Branch of Inferior Alveolar Nerve).
What nerve innervates the buccal muco-periosteum of mandibular anterior teeth?
Mental Nerve.
Which nerve supplies the lingual muco-periosteum?
Lingual Nerve.
What is the depth of penetration for topical anesthesia?
2-3 mm.
What is the aim of using topical anesthesia?
To reduce discomfort during the needle’s initial penetration.
Which forms are available for topical anesthesia?
Gel, Spray, Patches (dermatological use).
What is the most effective topical anesthetic agent for children?
Benzocaine 20%.
What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?
They block sodium channels, preventing nerve signal transmission.
What should be applied to dried mucosa before using topical anesthesia?
Anesthetic gel.
How is the mandibular foramen positioned in children compared to adults?
It is more posterior and at a lower level in children under 4 years old.
How does bone density change with age?
Bone density increases as age progresses.
Which injection technique is recommended for maxillary teeth in children?
Infiltration anesthesia.
What is the alternative to palatal infiltration in children?
Intra-papillary injection.
How should inferior alveolar nerve block be administered in children?
The syringe is directed between the two primary molars on the opposite side.
What are the signs of successful inferior alveolar nerve block?
Tingling of the lower lip and tongue, no pain during treatment.
What is an alternative to the inferior alveolar nerve block in children?
Mental nerve block.
What areas are anesthetized by a mental nerve block?
Pulp and buccal muco-periosteum of teeth on one side.
Why is it important to avoid fear-promoting words during local anesthesia administration?
It helps manage anxiety and improves cooperation during the procedure.
What is the proper positioning of the child in the dental chair for local anesthesia?
Head and heart parallel to the floor, feet slightly elevated.
What is the most common complication after local anesthesia in children?
Postoperative soft tissue injury (biting of lip, tongue, or cheek).
What causes anesthetic toxicity in children?
High blood levels of anesthetic due to intravascular injection or overdose.
How do allergic reactions to local anesthetics manifest?
Urticaria, dermatitis, angioedema, fever, anaphylaxis.
What is paresthesia in the context of local anesthesia?
Persistence of anesthetic symptoms beyond the expected duration due to nerve trauma.
How can postoperative soft tissue injuries be prevented in children?
Educating the patient and parent, using precautions such as biting guards.
