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SQA STABILITY > Load Line Convention > Flashcards

Load Line Convention Flashcards

1
Q

When was the International Load Line Convention introduced?

A
  • First introduced in 1966
  • Has had several adamants since then the most significant and recent one being MSC.375 (93) adopted in 2014
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the ILLC?

How is overloading limited?

How does this is improve the safety of the vessel?

A
  • To reduce the risk of sinking due to overloading, instability and breach of watertight integrity.
  • Overloading is limited by assigning freeboards depending on vessel characteristics and the area the vessel will be transiting.
  • This improves the safety by giving a vessel sufficient reverse buoyancy.
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3
Q

What vessels do these regulations apply to?

A
  • All vessels over 24 metres on international voyages other then fishing vessels.
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4
Q

Where is LBP measured between?
Where are the Perpendiculars situated?

A
  • Usually measured from the rudder stock to where the waterline intersects the bow when the vessel is at her summer load.
  • AP = usually rudder stock
  • FP = on the bow where the waterline meets the bow.
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5
Q

Define Freeboard Deck
How is the freeboard deck shown?

A
  • The uppermost complete deck exposed to weather and sea. Any openings to the weather and sea bellow the freeboard deck must have a permanent watertight means of closing.
  • Freeboard deck is shown with a deck line.
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5
Q

Define Freeboard

A

The assigned freeboard is the distance measured from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the related load line.

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6
Q

How long does a load line cert last?
What does a load line contain?

A
  • 5 years
  • Assigned freeboard (distance between the Plimsol mark and freeboard mark)
  • freshwater allowance
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7
Q

What types of load lines are there?

A

For all vessels:

  • Tropical Fresh
  • Fresh
  • Tropical
  • Summer (all other load lines are based off this one)
  • Winter
  • Winter North Atlantic
  • Timber vessels have an additional set of markings
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8
Q

What surveys are required for a vessels Load Line cert to remain valid?

A

Initial Survey
- Before a ship goes into service
- Inspection of all structure and equipment relating to the load line convection to ensure they comply with the regs.

Renewal Survey
- At least once every 5 years

Annual Survey
- Within 3 months before or after anniversary of the certificate.
- Inspection of ship structure internal and external.
- Openings to spaces below freeboard, guard rails, freeing ports, access to crew quarters
- Freeboard marks are correct and visible
- Information supplied to Master is available (such as loading and ballasting).

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9
Q

Information that is required to be supplied to the Master?

A
  • Information to load and ballast the ship to avoid creation of unacceptable stresses on the ship.
  • Information must be provided in a approved form.
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10
Q

What material alterations can a ship make to the items covered by a Load Line survey?

A

None, no alterations are can me made. This would invalidate the certificate.

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11
Q

Chapter II Reg 11 Superstructure and Bulkheads

A

Bulkheads on exposed ends of Superstructure shall be of acceptable strength

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12
Q

Chapter II Reg 12 Doors

A

Superstructure doors that open to outside deck shall be weathertight

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13
Q

Chapter II Reg 13 Position of hatchways, doorways and ventilators

A
  • Position 1 = On the freeboard deck and on raised 1/4 decks and any superstructure decks in the first 1/4 of the ship
  • Position 2 = Any superstructure deck in the aft 3/4 of the ship
  • Openings in position 1 are more at risk from water ingress. Therefore, Load Line rules specify that coamings, air pipes and doors sills must be of greater height then position 2.
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14
Q

Chapter II Reg 16 Hatchways closed by weathertight covers of steel or other equivalent materials

A
  • All hatchways shall be fitted with steel covers.
  • Shall be weathertight and fitted with gaskets and clamping devices.
  • Tightness to ensure weathertight integrity must be maintained in all sea conditions.
  • To test for tightness you do the Chalk test and then the hose test.
  • Should be supplied with an operation and maintenance manual.
  • Hatch covers are designed to minimum wave load. This load varies with the length of the ship if the hatch cover is in position 1 or 2.
  • Hatch covers when closed, shall be able to withstand and horizontal load caused by any sea condition.
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15
Q

Chapter II Reg 17 Machinery Space Openings

A
  • Position 1, mach space door sill, 600mm
  • Position 2, mach space door sill, 380mm
16
Q

Chapter II Reg 23 Side scuttles, windows and skylights

A
  • Must be a metal frame and of an approved design.
  • Deadlights go on inside of windows and storm covers on the outside windows.
17
Q

Chapter II Reg 24 Freeing Ports

A
  • Bulwarks on weather decks shall be able to rapidly free the deck of water
18
Q

Chapter II Reg 25 Protection of crew

A
  • Guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted around all exposed decks and must be at least 1m high.
  • Satisfactory means of safe passage provided for crew when walking around the ship (e.g. guard rails, lifelines, gangways, under deck passages).
19
Q

Chapter II Reg 25-1 Means for Safe Passage of crew

A
  • Well lit and ventilated under-deck passageway
  • Permanent gangway
  • Permanent walkway on freeboard deck
  • Wire rope lifeline
20
Q

Chapter II Reg 26 Special Conditions of Assignment for type ‘A’ ships

A
  • Shall be safe access from gangway to crew accommodation and crew accommodation to mach’ space.
  • Hatchways shall have watertight covers
  • Ships with bulwarks shall have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the weather deck (or a freeing port = to 33% of total bulwark area).
21
Q

Chapter III Reg 27 Types of Ships (A)

A

Type A ship
- Carries only liquid bulk cargos
- High integrity of exposed decks
- Small access openings to cargo compartments with WATERTIGHT gasket covers
- low permeability of load cargo compartments

22
Q

What two factors is tabular freeboard based on?

A
  • Type of ship
  • Length
23
Q

Chapter III Reg 27 Types of Ships (B)

Define Type B ship?

Define Type B-60 and Type B-100?

A
  • All ships that do not match the criteria of a type A is considered a type B ship.
  • Type B ships without steel hatch covers shall be assigned a larger freeboard.
  • Type B ships are subdivided into B-60 and B-100. These ships can be assigned a reduced freeboard if following condtions are met;
  • Vessel over 100m
  • Protected steel walkway or underdeck passageway between work and crew accomodation.
  • Freeing arrangements must include rails.
  • Strengthed steel hatchway covers in position 1 and 2.
  • Construction and access as type A (only B-100).
  • No direct access from freebaord deck to machinery space.
  • B-60 is redcued by up to 60% of the difference between Table A and Table B.
  • B-100 is reduced by up to 100% of the difference between Table A and Table B.
24
Q

Chapter III Reg 30 Correction for block coefficient

A
  • For a standard ship the block coefficient is 0.68
  • If the Cb is > 0.68 then the freeboard is increased.
  • A larger Cb causes an increase in underwater volume ∴ freeboard is increased
  • TO MAINTAIN THE SAME RATIO OF RESERVE BUOYANCY as per the standard vessel
  • If the Cb is ≤ 0.68 then the freeboard remains the same.
25
Q

Chapter III Reg 31 Correction for depth

A
  • A standard ship has a Length to depth ratio of 15:1
  • If ratio is < 15 increase freeboard
  • This is due the greater sinkage that occurs in short deep ships when bilged.
26
Q

Chapter III Reg 32 Correction of position of deck Line

A
  • Allows for the difference between the actual depth of freeboard and assigned freeboard.
  • This difference could be due to curved sheerstake or discontinuous deck etc.
27
Q

Chapter III Reg 37 Deduction for Superstructures and trunks

A
  • Standard ship has no superstructure
  • Freeboard may be reduced depending on the percentage of the vessels length covered by superstructures and or trunking
  • This is because these structures provide reserve buoyancy
28
Q

Define sheer

A

The upward curve of the deck of a ship towards the bow and stern

29
Q

Chapter III Reg 38 Sheer

A
  • Standard ship has standard sheer
  • Excess sheer provides reserve buoyancy
  • Reduces bow being submerged after collision
  • Increased sheer, reduction in freeboard, provided there is an effective superstructure at midships
30
Q

Chapter III Reg 39 Minimum bow height and Reserve Buoyancy

A
  • A ship will have calculated minimum bow height at its assigned freeboard and designed trim.
  • If it does not meet this then freeboard is increased.
  • Sheer could also be increased 15% of length at bow instead.
  • Could also have a raised fcsle head 7% of length.
  • A high bow provides reverse buoyancy and protection to the forward hatches.
31
Q

Chapter III Reg 29 Correction to the freeboard for ships under 100m in length

A
  • Type B vessels less then 100m length with superstructure less then 35% of their length shall have increased freeboard.
  • This is because they are more susceptible to weather. They have the additional Load Line WNA.
32
Q

Outline talking points for talky talky when vessel will enter a Winter load line zone

A
  • Critical Zone - V/l not to be overloaded
  • Voyage changes - Changes in stab due FSM, change of G, icing, seas on deck, water absorption
  • Seaworthiness - Weather tightness and RB
  • Cargo securing - increased potential for bad weather
  • Crew safety

SQA STABILITY (21 decks)

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