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Health And Social > LO6 > Flashcards

LO6 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Define pupil

A

Opening in middle of eye where light passes through

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2
Q

Define iris

A

visible coloured ring, adjusts the amount of light entering through the pupil

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3
Q

Define tear glands

A

produces tears to clean/lubricate eye
Defend against infection

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4
Q

Define aqueous/vitrous humerous

A

Jelly like fluid that fills eye keeping the eye’s shape

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5
Q

Define conjunctiva

A

Thin membrane which protects cornea

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6
Q

Define cornea

A

Front of eye which is transparent, light rays passes through cornea to retina

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7
Q

Define retina

A

Inner lining of eye, containing light sensitive cells

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8
Q

Define macula

A

High concentration of photoreceptor cells, detecting light and sending signals to the brain interpreting to images

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9
Q

Define optic nerve

A

Where nerve cells exit the eye going to the brain

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10
Q

Define ciliary muscle

A

Enables the lens to change shape for focusing. Contracting to stretch lens making it flatter/thinner

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11
Q

Define suspensory ligaments

A

Attached to lens to the ciliary muscle

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12
Q

Define lens

A

Focuses light entering the eye

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13
Q

Define eardrum

A

Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations

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14
Q

Define Stapes/incus/malleus ear bones

A

Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle of the ear to the cochlea

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15
Q

Define cochlea

A

Contains jelly like fluid in coiled tube, vibrations which are converted into neural messages then passed onto the brain

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16
Q

Define organ of corti

A

In cochlea, similar to a microphone lined with rows of hairs cells that convert sound vibration’s into nerve impulses

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17
Q

Define eustachian tube

A

Connects middle ear to throat, ensuring pressure in middle ear is equal to pressure outside the ear

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18
Q

Define round window

A

Drum like membrane, vibrations from oval window pass through to cochlea

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19
Q

Define auditory nerve

A

Bundle of nerves fibres that carry hearing information between cochlea and brain

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20
Q

Define semi-circular canals and ampullae

Study These Flashcards
A

Tiny fluid filled tubes in inner ear help with balance. They are lined with cilia acting as motion sensor to keep your balance

21
Q

Define glaucoma

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A

Optic nerve connects the eye to the brain becomes damaged

22
Q

Possible causes of glaucoma

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A

Build up of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humour is unable to drain properly. Increasing pressure, damaging optic nerve

Increase risk:
Age
Ethnicity- African/Carribbean
Family history
Medical conditions- diabete

23
Q

What are the symptoms of glaucoma

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A

Intense eye pain
Blurred vision
Headaches
Sensitivity to light

24
Q

What are the effects of glaucoma

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A

Develops slowly, affecting the edge of vision.
Many people don’t realise they have glaucoma
If left untreated build up of pressure eventually destroys optic nerve causing blindness

25
How is gluacoma treated
Medicine- prescription eye drops Laser treatment- to lower pressure in eye Surgery- adds drain to eye to help eye drain excessive fluid
26
How does glaucoma impact daily life
Blurred vision- may affect driving walking Extended time off work for surgery Sensitivity to lights/headaches make someone feel isolated
27
Define Age-related macular-degeneration (AMD)
Eye disease which blurs your central vision, age causes damage to the macula
28
Causes of AMD
Exact cause unknown linked to: smoking high blood pressure overweight family history age
29
Symptoms of AMD
Blurred vision Straight lines appear wavy Difficulty recognising faces
30
Effects of AMD
Without treatment vision continues to worsen/ affects central vision
31
Impacts of AMD on daily living
Blurred vision causes difficulty recognising faces, reading, driving Affect job, time off, reasonable adjustments Isolated/loss of confidence socialising going out in public
32
Treatments for AMD
Dry AMD- no treatment Wet AMD- regular eye infections (to slow down vision loss) Light treatment (photodynamic therapy) light shined into back of eye to stop growth of abnormal blood vessels
33
Define cataracts
The lens develops a cloudy patch causing blurred vision
34
Causes of cataracts
Age Diabetes Exposure to UV light Excessive smoking/alcohol Family history
35
Symptoms of cataracts
Cloudy lens causes: Blurred/misty vision Colours are distorted Inconsistencies in vision quality Double vision
36
Impacts of cataracts on everyday life
Vision affects daily activities, reading driving Affects social life/hobbies Time off for appointments/surgery Loss of confidence
37
Treatments for cataracts
Surgery- remove/replace the affected lens No medication can dissolve cataracts Stronger prescription glasses- only help for period of time
38
Define retinopathy
Disease of the retina, blood vessels narrow/leak resulting in abnormal blood flow to the retina, damaging it
39
Symptoms of retinopathy
Gradual/sudden vision loss Shapes floating in vision field Eye pain redness Difficulty seeing in the dark
40
Causes of retinopathy
Diabetes, high blood sugar
41
Effects of retinopathy on daily living
Difficulty driving Affects work/sports/hobbies Continue to manage diabetes/daily readings Carry diabetic medications around everyday
42
Treatments of retinopathy
Laser treatment- to treat new blood vessels in the back of the eye, as it causes bleeding int he back of the eye Eye injections- (Anti-VEGF) prevent the formation of new blood vessel help with conservation eyesight Surgery- to remove scar tissue Can cause blindness if left untreated
43
Name the 3 possible causes of hearing loss
Gradual hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss
44
Define gradual hearing loss
Prolonged period of degeneration of hearing due to ageing, exposure to loud noises over many years
45
Define conductive hearing loss
Hearing loss due to a blockage of earwax/infection causing a build up of fluid or perforated ear drum
46
Define sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss due to damage to the hair cells in the inner ear/damage to auditory nerve. Viral infections such as mumps, meningtitis are causes/ head injury
47
Treatment for hearing loss
Earwax extraction- ear drops dissolve wax Hearing aid- to amplify sound Implants- devices attached to skull and implants placed inside the ear Sign language- new way of communicating
48
Impacts of hearing loss on daily living
Learning different ways of communicating BSL, braille Regular appointments Loss of independence Affect ability to work, result in job loss Feeling stresses/tired having to focus on hearing people Emotional effects- depression/isolation struggle to socialise/hobbies

Health And Social (6 decks)

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