LO4 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
what is the ball and socket joint and give an example
being able to move it in a circular motion, shoulder and hip
what is the sliding and gliding joint and give an example
can move past eachother by sliding. eg shoulder blade
what is the hinge joint and give example
can move up and down direction. elbow and knee
what is the pivot joint and give an example
move around in sideways directions. eg the neck
what is a fixed joint and give an example
a solid joint that doesn’t move. eg the skull
what is a joint made out of
calcium, protein (makes up matrix) and collagen
what is the bone marrow
generates blood cells and located in middle of the bones
what is the matrix
web like structure. give strength. and has a small amount of flexibility
what is the cartilage
allows movement to occur
provided protection
shock absorber
what is a ligament
band of tough, fibrous, dense connect tissue. made of collagenous fibre, joins joints together, elastic
what is the tendon
tough, fibrous connected tissue. connects the muscle to the bone. made of collagen. muscle and tendons work together and exert a pulling force
how do muscles know how do contract and relax
the brain sends messages through the nerves and tell them to contract or relax
what is an antogonistic muscle
it is a muscle pair where one muscle contracts (agonist) whilst the other muscle relaxes/lengthens (antagonist)
what does relaxing work
no signal is being sent to a muscle
how does contracting work
signal is being send to the muscle
what are the symptoms of arthritis
joint pain
inflammation in/around joints
restricted movement
weekend + muscle wastage
what are the causes of arthritis
injuries due to accidents
abnormal- immune attack
wear and tear of joints
diagnosing of arthritis
joint scan
blood tests
assessing physical ability
treatment for arthritis
physiotherapy
surgery
medication
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis
back pain
loss of height
spine malformation
-stopped and hunched posture
what are the causes of osteoporosis
brown wrist
broken hip
broken sprinal bones
what is the diagnosing like for osteoporosis
bone density scan
previous injury history
what is the treatment for osteoporosis
medication- zoledronicacid
making sure you have enough vitamin D and calcium
what is a vertical section of the bone
when the bone is cut in half long ways
what is a transverse section of the bone
when the bone is cut in half across
