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Health And Social Biology > LO2 Respiratory System > Flashcards

LO2 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the trachea

A

Has muscular structure which allows movement in the neck
Connects larynx to bronchi
Transports air to lungs
Right of cartilage to protect trachea and keeps it open

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2
Q

What is the cartilage

A

Keeps structure
Enhances bone residence
Resist compressive forces

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3
Q

What is the bronchus

A

Carry’s air to and from lungs
Helps moisture air that is breathed

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4
Q

What is the pleural membrane

A

Makes our lungs tight
Reduces any fracture between lungs and ribs

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5
Q

What is the bronchihole

A

Carry’s air to small air sacs such as avoleolus

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6
Q

What feature is flat when inhaling

A

Diaphragm shape

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7
Q

What feature is dome when exhaling

A

Diaphragm

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8
Q

What feature is in and out when inhaling and exhaling

A

Ribs

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9
Q

What features are contracted when inhaling

A

Diaphragm muscle and rib muscles

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10
Q

What features are relaxed when exhaling

A

Rib muscle and diaphragm muscles

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11
Q

What feature is inflated when inhaling

A

Lungs

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12
Q

What feature is deflated when exhaling

A

Lungs

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13
Q

What is the alveolus

A

Air sacs in lungs and are covered in tiny blood vessels
Bigger surface more oxygen
Have a moist lining

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14
Q

What’s happens inside the alveolus

A

Oxygen dissolved into small moist lining into hyberglobin red cells
Oxygen is higher concentration in alveolus than capillary
And is opposite for CO2

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15
Q

What does the alveolus moist lining do

A

Stops the alveolus from dying and cracking and lubricant to inside air sac

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16
Q

What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

|Adenosine|——/RIBOSE\——(P)—(P)-(P)
P molecular spilt releases energy (ATP)
Glucose is the starting energy.
ATP lasts 10 seconds
3 systems; glycolysis, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain

17
Q

What are the three energy systems
(Aerobic respiration)

A

|GLYCOLYSIS|-> |KREBS CYCLE|->| ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN|

18
Q

What is glycolysis and how does it move on to kerbs cycle

A

Fastest of the three
Made from glucose
——
Move on using pyruvate and NADH

19
Q

What is the kerbs cycle and how does it move to electron transport chain

A

Needs oxygen
Made of proteins and oxygen
——
Moves on using NADH

20
Q

What is the electron transport chain

A

Does the effectively the most
Made using oxgyen

21
Q

What is lactic acid and how does it go from glycolysis

A

Bad for cells
And used pyrvcate and NADH
——
Krebs cycle and electron transport cycle need oxygen if no oxygen glycolysis goes to lactic acid

22
Q

What is anerobic respiration

A

Glucose running
Without oxygen
Forced to stop due to lactic acid building
Unsustainable

23
Q

What is the role of glucose

A

To provide body with energy

24
Q

What is the role of oxygen

A

Allows body to work (cells)

25
Q

What is the function of ATP

A

allows Body to have energy without glucose

26
Q

Why is lactic acid bad

A

NADH and pyruvate wasted and more lactic addicted is produced

27
Q

How is carbon dioxide produced

A

Reactions react and produce the products of CO2 in anaerobic

28
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma

A

Whistling sounds when breathing
Breathlessness
Tight chest
Coughing

29
Q

What are the causes of asthma

A

Genetics
Smoking
Obesity

30
Q

How to treat asthma

A

Reliever inhaler- quicker
Preventer inhaler- prevent symptoms
Medication

31
Q

How to diagnose asthma

A

Spirgmirtry - blow into a machine which measures how fast you can breath in and out and see how much oxygen your lungs can hold

32
Q

Symptoms of emphysema

A

Breathlessness with exercise
Susceptibility to chest infections
Fatigue
Coughing with phlegm

33
Q

Causes of emphysema

A

Smoking
Exposure to dust or industrial pollutants

34
Q

Diagnosing of emphysema

A

Spirometry- blow into a machine and measure how fast you can breathe in and you and how much oxygen your lungs can hold

35
Q

Treatment to emphysema

A

Stop smoking asap
Avoid air pollutants
Oxygen treatments
Medications

36
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Coughing up phlegm
Lung infections Fatigue
Shortness of breath

37
Q

Causes of cystic fibrosis

A

A faulty gene that is inherited from both parents

38
Q

Diagnosing of cystic fibrosis

A

Sweat test- how much salt
Genetic tests

39
Q

Treatment to cystic fibrosis

A

Medication to thin mucus in lungs
Anti biotics to prevent chest unfections

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