LO2 Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the trachea
Has muscular structure which allows movement in the neck
Connects larynx to bronchi
Transports air to lungs
Right of cartilage to protect trachea and keeps it open
What is the cartilage
Keeps structure
Enhances bone residence
Resist compressive forces
What is the bronchus
Carry’s air to and from lungs
Helps moisture air that is breathed
What is the pleural membrane
Makes our lungs tight
Reduces any fracture between lungs and ribs
What is the bronchihole
Carry’s air to small air sacs such as avoleolus
What feature is flat when inhaling
Diaphragm shape
What feature is dome when exhaling
Diaphragm
What feature is in and out when inhaling and exhaling
Ribs
What features are contracted when inhaling
Diaphragm muscle and rib muscles
What features are relaxed when exhaling
Rib muscle and diaphragm muscles
What feature is inflated when inhaling
Lungs
What feature is deflated when exhaling
Lungs
What is the alveolus
Air sacs in lungs and are covered in tiny blood vessels
Bigger surface more oxygen
Have a moist lining
What’s happens inside the alveolus
Oxygen dissolved into small moist lining into hyberglobin red cells
Oxygen is higher concentration in alveolus than capillary
And is opposite for CO2
What does the alveolus moist lining do
Stops the alveolus from dying and cracking and lubricant to inside air sac
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
|Adenosine|——/RIBOSE\——(P)—(P)-(P)
P molecular spilt releases energy (ATP)
Glucose is the starting energy.
ATP lasts 10 seconds
3 systems; glycolysis, kerbs cycle, electron transport chain
What are the three energy systems
(Aerobic respiration)
|GLYCOLYSIS|-> |KREBS CYCLE|->| ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN|
What is glycolysis and how does it move on to kerbs cycle
Fastest of the three
Made from glucose
——
Move on using pyruvate and NADH
What is the kerbs cycle and how does it move to electron transport chain
Needs oxygen
Made of proteins and oxygen
——
Moves on using NADH
What is the electron transport chain
Does the effectively the most
Made using oxgyen
What is lactic acid and how does it go from glycolysis
Bad for cells
And used pyrvcate and NADH
——
Krebs cycle and electron transport cycle need oxygen if no oxygen glycolysis goes to lactic acid
What is anerobic respiration
Glucose running
Without oxygen
Forced to stop due to lactic acid building
Unsustainable
What is the role of glucose
To provide body with energy
What is the role of oxygen
Allows body to work (cells)
What is the function of ATP
allows Body to have energy without glucose
Why is lactic acid bad
NADH and pyruvate wasted and more lactic addicted is produced
How is carbon dioxide produced
Reactions react and produce the products of CO2 in anaerobic
What are the symptoms of asthma
Whistling sounds when breathing
Breathlessness
Tight chest
Coughing
What are the causes of asthma
Genetics
Smoking
Obesity
How to treat asthma
Reliever inhaler- quicker
Preventer inhaler- prevent symptoms
Medication
How to diagnose asthma
Spirgmirtry - blow into a machine which measures how fast you can breath in and out and see how much oxygen your lungs can hold
Symptoms of emphysema
Breathlessness with exercise
Susceptibility to chest infections
Fatigue
Coughing with phlegm
Causes of emphysema
Smoking
Exposure to dust or industrial pollutants
Diagnosing of emphysema
Spirometry- blow into a machine and measure how fast you can breathe in and you and how much oxygen your lungs can hold
Treatment to emphysema
Stop smoking asap
Avoid air pollutants
Oxygen treatments
Medications
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Coughing up phlegm
Lung infections Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Causes of cystic fibrosis
A faulty gene that is inherited from both parents
Diagnosing of cystic fibrosis
Sweat test- how much salt
Genetic tests
Treatment to cystic fibrosis
Medication to thin mucus in lungs
Anti biotics to prevent chest unfections
