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Health And Social Biology > LO1 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

LO1 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of mitochondria

A

Chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration

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2
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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3
Q

What does cellular metabolism mean

A

Compromised of the chemical reactions that occur in living cells

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4
Q

Why do cells need oxygen and glucose

A

Glucose and oxygen allows the chemical reactions that occur of aerobic respiration to able the body to have energy

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5
Q

What’s in our blood

A

Platelets
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells

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6
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

Carry’s oxygen

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7
Q

Function of platelets

A

Stops bleeding scabs

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8
Q

What are the three different types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils
Monocyte
Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Explain lymphocytes

A

Split into T + B cells and are natural killer cells (injects chemical to kill bacteria)
T cells directly destroy the bacteria by splitting them in half.
B cells identify bacteria ( anti bodies produced to prevent the bacteria’s function)

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10
Q

Explain Monocytes

A

Spilt into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells biggest white blood cells
The macrophages clear up dead and damaged cells and engulfs bacteria left and feeds info back into other lymphocytes so they know how to fight it.

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11
Q

Explain neutrophils

A

Most common white blood cells Plasma and had nucleus with several lobes.
This cell is the first to react to bacteria and some consume them and some die which leads to puss

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12
Q

What gases to the blood carry around

A

Blood transports oxygen away from the lungs and to the body cells and they also carry carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs. All red blood cells transports gases

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13
Q

What thing are transported around the body

A

Oxygen
Glucose
Gases
Hormones
Waste products

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14
Q

What are the 5 nutrients

A

Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

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15
Q

Characteristics of carbohydrates

A

Simple carbohydrates
O monomer
Has glucose in
Easy to digest
Quick absorbed into blood
Sweet
Complex carbohydrates
OOOOO polymer
Starch
Harder to digest
Longer to break down

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16
Q

Characteristics of protein

A

Get from meat
Amino acids OOOOOOOOOOO (11)
Goes to the liver to be organised

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17
Q

Characteristics of fats (lipids)

A

Keeps the body warm and protects body
Energy supply in an emergency
Saturated- animal unsaturated- veg

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18
Q

Characteristics of vitamins

A

Comes from sunlight
Other comes from vegetables

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19
Q

Characteristics of minerals

A

Water, soil, veg, salt
Magnesium calcium iron

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20
Q

Definition of hormones

A

Is a chemical that is made by cells that is in the endocrine gland and then goes in the blood stream to send message to a part of the body

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21
Q

Explain Temperature in the body

A

37° normal body temp
Absorbs and distributes heat around body and the blood vessels expand and come to surface of the skin to let heat out. When the body is cold the blood vessels get smaller to keep heat in the body is

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22
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis and examples

A

Maintaining feedback of the body to stable use different body systems
Temp
Blood levels
Osmosis

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23
Q

Explain exchange of materials with body tissue

A

Capillary to tissue fluid exchange
They allow fluids, gases and nutrients and waste to go through the blood and the body tissue by diffusion. Capillary walls allows water and small solutes to pass between the pores but protein can’t pass through.

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24
Q

How do white blood cells fight infection

A

They will help to kill pathogen ps and microbes that stray into the bodies memory lymphocytes and remember infections so they can kill them quicker

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25
What do clot wounds work
Platelets clot together to help clot and stop the bleeding. Platelets stick together Allows oxygen in to heal Growth and rebuilding Scab and eventually the scab will fall off
26
What does the immune system do
They keep a microbe and know the info so they can distort them microbes next time Injury an inactive form a pathogen into the body.
27
What does the blood flow through the heart do
Bring oxygen and glucose to every cell in the body
28
Simple order of blood flow in the heart
Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein
29
Why can’t oxygenated blood mix with deoxygenated blood
Ther is an interracial septum and would.make it hard for the body to gain oxygen
30
Which side of the heart is the biggest and why
Left side is always bigger due to muscles
31
Why does the blood needs its own blood supply
Because of the watertight lining of the thickness of the myocardium, the heart can depend on thus blood contained it’s own chambers for oxygen and nourishment. It possess a vascular system of its own. (coronary arterial system)
32
Why is the muscle bigger in the left side of the heart
Due to it pumping oxygenated blood at high pressure around the body
33
Why is the muscle not as big on the right side
It only pumps deoxygenated blood and is only a short journey
34
Purpose of valves
As the atrium fills with blood the valves are close and when the atrium contracts and that squeezes the blood and the values are pushed open
35
What can deoxygenated blood can back from the heart
Values in the veins stop the deoxygenated blood from flowing backwards and movement in the body makes the veins contraction which pushes the blood back up
36
What should be the sound of the heart
Lub dub
37
What is a part of the heart that pumps blood to right venting
Right atrium
38
What part of the heart is pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
39
What part of the heart pumps blood to the left ventricle
Left atrium
40
What part of the heart pumps blood to the body
Left ventricle
41
What are the gradients in the membrane
Diffusion goes from high concentration to low concentration
42
What is the purpose of the vena cava
Carry’s deoxygenated blood
43
What is the purpose of the right atrium
Deoxygenated blood when it contracts
44
What is the purpose of the right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood when it contracts
45
What is the purpose of the Pulmonary artery
Carbon dioxide is dropped off at the lungs and oxygen is picked up
46
What does the pulmonary vein carry
Oxygenated blood
47
What does the left atrium carry
Oxygenated blood
48
What is the diastole
Everywhere in filling with blood, complete relaxation in all areas in the heart. Also the vena cava is closed
49
What is the atrial stystole
Bicuspid and tricuspid values are fully open this means the rest of the blood fills ventricle top is relaxed
50
What is the ventricular systole
Semi lunar value open as the bicuspid and tricuspid value are forced open blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides of the heart
51
What’s the cardiac cycle
1) atria muscle contracts (top) Semilunar value closes at these times Bisuspid and tricuspid values are forced open Blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides the heart 2) ventricles contract Blood is forced into arteries Semi lunar values are forced open Bicuspid and tricuspid value now closed to stop blood 3) white heart is now relaxed all chambers filled with blood Artria and ventricle are now relaxed Semi lunar values are closed to stop blood entering through arteries
52
What is angina
Chest pain which is cussed by reduced blood flow and it causes a tight, dull or heavy pain in your chest. Is caused by the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles become narrowed by a build up a fatty substance
53
What are the symptoms of angina
Feels tight, dull or heavy chest Triggered by stress or physical execution Stops when resting
54
Treatments for angina
By medication to stop further or current angina attacks Some people might need surgery
55
What does a pacemakers do
They are implanted in people whose heart telematics conduct system is not working properly, problems such as SAN not working properly and blockage or disputing of the impulses between the SAN and AVN or bundle of his. Pacemaker monitor hearts electrical activity and simulated the ventricles and atria
56
Diagram of the SAN
57
What is the QRS
ventricle depolarisation- the ventricles are positively ventricle are contracted . At the same time the atria depolarise- reset in the P wave
58
What does a ecg do
Record the electrical signals in the heart
59
What is the ecg used for
To see how the heart is functioning
60
What does a ecg identify
An abnormal heart rhythms and coronary heart disease
61
Why wouldn’t you use the ecg
Valvular detests can’t be detected by using the ecg
62
What does a P wave do
Shows when the SA node creates the atria and it contracts if not shows there’s a problem
63
What does the PR wave show
Shows delay before the atrioventricular node get electrical impulses
64
What does the Q wave show
Shows the electrical impulse reaching the bundle of his
65
What does the R up wave show
Shows the electrical impulses spreads to bundle of his branches
66
What does the R down wave show
Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres
67
What does the S wave show
Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres
68
What does the ST wave show
Shows diastole which means everything is relaxed
69
What does the T wave show
Shows the ventricular depolarisation (recovery wave)
70
What do the arteries do
Main arteries called dorsal aorta Carry’s blood away from the heart Stilts out into many smaller arteries (each part of body has whole system of arteries)
71
Structure of arteries
3 layers tough on outside, soft on inside Outer gets thinner when during systole Outer gets thicker when during diastole
72
What do capillaries do
Arteries give blood to capillaries which contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. It gives blood to veins which is then transports to the heart and lungs
73
What do veins do
Not as strong as artery’s but carry’s low pressure blood Recurve blood from capillaries and take blood to to lungs and hearts Got valves and this stops blood from going backwards

Health And Social Biology (6 decks)

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