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Health And Social Biology > LO1 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

LO1 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of mitochondria

A

Chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration

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2
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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3
Q

What does cellular metabolism mean

A

Compromised of the chemical reactions that occur in living cells

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4
Q

Why do cells need oxygen and glucose

A

Glucose and oxygen allows the chemical reactions that occur of aerobic respiration to able the body to have energy

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5
Q

What’s in our blood

A

Platelets
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells

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6
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

Carry’s oxygen

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7
Q

Function of platelets

A

Stops bleeding scabs

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8
Q

What are the three different types of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils
Monocyte
Lymphocytes

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9
Q

Explain lymphocytes

A

Split into T + B cells and are natural killer cells (injects chemical to kill bacteria)
T cells directly destroy the bacteria by splitting them in half.
B cells identify bacteria ( anti bodies produced to prevent the bacteria’s function)

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10
Q

Explain Monocytes

A

Spilt into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells biggest white blood cells
The macrophages clear up dead and damaged cells and engulfs bacteria left and feeds info back into other lymphocytes so they know how to fight it.

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11
Q

Explain neutrophils

A

Most common white blood cells Plasma and had nucleus with several lobes.
This cell is the first to react to bacteria and some consume them and some die which leads to puss

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12
Q

What gases to the blood carry around

A

Blood transports oxygen away from the lungs and to the body cells and they also carry carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs. All red blood cells transports gases

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13
Q

What thing are transported around the body

A

Oxygen
Glucose
Gases
Hormones
Waste products

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14
Q

What are the 5 nutrients

A

Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

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15
Q

Characteristics of carbohydrates

A

Simple carbohydrates
O monomer
Has glucose in
Easy to digest
Quick absorbed into blood
Sweet
Complex carbohydrates
OOOOO polymer
Starch
Harder to digest
Longer to break down

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16
Q

Characteristics of protein

A

Get from meat
Amino acids OOOOOOOOOOO (11)
Goes to the liver to be organised

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17
Q

Characteristics of fats (lipids)

A

Keeps the body warm and protects body
Energy supply in an emergency
Saturated- animal unsaturated- veg

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18
Q

Characteristics of vitamins

A

Comes from sunlight
Other comes from vegetables

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19
Q

Characteristics of minerals

A

Water, soil, veg, salt
Magnesium calcium iron

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20
Q

Definition of hormones

A

Is a chemical that is made by cells that is in the endocrine gland and then goes in the blood stream to send message to a part of the body

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21
Q

Explain Temperature in the body

A

37° normal body temp
Absorbs and distributes heat around body and the blood vessels expand and come to surface of the skin to let heat out. When the body is cold the blood vessels get smaller to keep heat in the body is

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22
Q

What is the definition of homeostasis and examples

A

Maintaining feedback of the body to stable use different body systems
Temp
Blood levels
Osmosis

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23
Q

Explain exchange of materials with body tissue

A

Capillary to tissue fluid exchange
They allow fluids, gases and nutrients and waste to go through the blood and the body tissue by diffusion. Capillary walls allows water and small solutes to pass between the pores but protein can’t pass through.

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24
Q

How do white blood cells fight infection

A

They will help to kill pathogen ps and microbes that stray into the bodies memory lymphocytes and remember infections so they can kill them quicker

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25
Q

What do clot wounds work

A

Platelets clot together to help clot and stop the bleeding.
Platelets stick together
Allows oxygen in to heal
Growth and rebuilding
Scab and eventually the scab will fall off

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26
Q

What does the immune system do

A

They keep a microbe and know the info so they can distort them microbes next time
Injury an inactive form a pathogen into the body.

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27
Q

What does the blood flow through the heart do

A

Bring oxygen and glucose to every cell in the body

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28
Q

Simple order of blood flow in the heart

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein

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29
Q

Why can’t oxygenated blood mix with deoxygenated blood

A

Ther is an interracial septum and would.make it hard for the body to gain oxygen

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30
Q

Which side of the heart is the biggest and why

A

Left side is always bigger due to muscles

31
Q

Why does the blood needs its own blood supply

A

Because of the watertight lining of the thickness of the myocardium, the heart can depend on thus blood contained it’s own chambers for oxygen and nourishment. It possess a vascular system of its own. (coronary arterial system)

32
Q

Why is the muscle bigger in the left side of the heart

A

Due to it pumping oxygenated blood at high pressure around the body

33
Q

Why is the muscle not as big on the right side

A

It only pumps deoxygenated blood and is only a short journey

34
Q

Purpose of valves

A

As the atrium fills with blood the valves are close and when the atrium contracts and that squeezes the blood and the values are pushed open

35
Q

What can deoxygenated blood can back from the heart

A

Values in the veins stop the deoxygenated blood from flowing backwards and movement in the body makes the veins contraction which pushes the blood back up

36
Q

What should be the sound of the heart

A

Lub dub

37
Q

What is a part of the heart that pumps blood to right venting

A

Right atrium

38
Q

What part of the heart is pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

39
Q

What part of the heart pumps blood to the left ventricle

A

Left atrium

40
Q

What part of the heart pumps blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

41
Q

What are the gradients in the membrane

A

Diffusion goes from high concentration to low concentration

42
Q

What is the purpose of the vena cava

A

Carry’s deoxygenated blood

43
Q

What is the purpose of the right atrium

A

Deoxygenated blood when it contracts

44
Q

What is the purpose of the right ventricle

A

Deoxygenated blood when it contracts

45
Q

What is the purpose of the Pulmonary artery

A

Carbon dioxide is dropped off at the lungs and oxygen is picked up

46
Q

What does the pulmonary vein carry

A

Oxygenated blood

47
Q

What does the left atrium carry

A

Oxygenated blood

48
Q

What is the diastole

A

Everywhere in filling with blood, complete relaxation in all areas in the heart. Also the vena cava is closed

49
Q

What is the atrial stystole

A

Bicuspid and tricuspid values are fully open this means the rest of the blood fills ventricle top is relaxed

50
Q

What is the ventricular systole

A

Semi lunar value open as the bicuspid and tricuspid value are forced open blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides of the heart

51
Q

What’s the cardiac cycle

A

1) atria muscle contracts (top)
Semilunar value closes at these times
Bisuspid and tricuspid values are forced open
Blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides the heart
2) ventricles contract
Blood is forced into arteries
Semi lunar values are forced open
Bicuspid and tricuspid value now closed to stop blood
3) white heart is now relaxed all chambers filled with blood
Artria and ventricle are now relaxed
Semi lunar values are closed to stop blood entering through arteries

52
Q

What is angina

A

Chest pain which is cussed by reduced blood flow and it causes a tight, dull or heavy pain in your chest. Is caused by the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles become narrowed by a build up a fatty substance

53
Q

What are the symptoms of angina

A

Feels tight, dull or heavy chest
Triggered by stress or physical execution
Stops when resting

54
Q

Treatments for angina

A

By medication to stop further or current angina attacks
Some people might need surgery

55
Q

What does a pacemakers do

A

They are implanted in people whose heart telematics conduct system is not working properly, problems such as SAN not working properly and blockage or disputing of the impulses between the SAN and AVN or bundle of his. Pacemaker monitor hearts electrical activity and simulated the ventricles and atria

56
Q

Diagram of the SAN

A
57
Q

What is the QRS

A

ventricle depolarisation- the ventricles are positively ventricle are contracted . At the same time the atria depolarise- reset in the P wave

58
Q

What does a ecg do

A

Record the electrical signals in the heart

59
Q

What is the ecg used for

A

To see how the heart is functioning

60
Q

What does a ecg identify

A

An abnormal heart rhythms and coronary heart disease

61
Q

Why wouldn’t you use the ecg

A

Valvular detests can’t be detected by using the ecg

62
Q

What does a P wave do

A

Shows when the SA node creates the atria and it contracts if not shows there’s a problem

63
Q

What does the PR wave show

A

Shows delay before the atrioventricular node get electrical impulses

64
Q

What does the Q wave show

A

Shows the electrical impulse reaching the bundle of his

65
Q

What does the R up wave show

A

Shows the electrical impulses spreads to bundle of his branches

66
Q

What does the R down wave show

A

Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres

67
Q

What does the S wave show

A

Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres

68
Q

What does the ST wave show

A

Shows diastole which means everything is relaxed

69
Q

What does the T wave show

A

Shows the ventricular depolarisation (recovery wave)

70
Q

What do the arteries do

A

Main arteries called dorsal aorta
Carry’s blood away from the heart
Stilts out into many smaller arteries (each part of body has whole system of arteries)

71
Q

Structure of arteries

A

3 layers tough on outside, soft on inside
Outer gets thinner when during systole
Outer gets thicker when during diastole

72
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Arteries give blood to capillaries which contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. It gives blood to veins which is then transports to the heart and lungs

73
Q

What do veins do

A

Not as strong as artery’s but carry’s low pressure blood
Recurve blood from capillaries and take blood to to lungs and hearts
Got valves and this stops blood from going backwards

Health And Social Biology (6 decks)

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