LO1 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Definition of mitochondria
Chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What does cellular metabolism mean
Compromised of the chemical reactions that occur in living cells
Why do cells need oxygen and glucose
Glucose and oxygen allows the chemical reactions that occur of aerobic respiration to able the body to have energy
What’s in our blood
Platelets
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells
Function of red blood cells
Carry’s oxygen
Function of platelets
Stops bleeding scabs
What are the three different types of white blood cells
Neutrophils
Monocyte
Lymphocytes
Explain lymphocytes
Split into T + B cells and are natural killer cells (injects chemical to kill bacteria)
T cells directly destroy the bacteria by splitting them in half.
B cells identify bacteria ( anti bodies produced to prevent the bacteria’s function)
Explain Monocytes
Spilt into macrophages and myeloid lineage dendritic cells biggest white blood cells
The macrophages clear up dead and damaged cells and engulfs bacteria left and feeds info back into other lymphocytes so they know how to fight it.
Explain neutrophils
Most common white blood cells Plasma and had nucleus with several lobes.
This cell is the first to react to bacteria and some consume them and some die which leads to puss
What gases to the blood carry around
Blood transports oxygen away from the lungs and to the body cells and they also carry carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs. All red blood cells transports gases
What thing are transported around the body
Oxygen
Glucose
Gases
Hormones
Waste products
What are the 5 nutrients
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Characteristics of carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates
O monomer
Has glucose in
Easy to digest
Quick absorbed into blood
Sweet
Complex carbohydrates
OOOOO polymer
Starch
Harder to digest
Longer to break down
Characteristics of protein
Get from meat
Amino acids OOOOOOOOOOO (11)
Goes to the liver to be organised
Characteristics of fats (lipids)
Keeps the body warm and protects body
Energy supply in an emergency
Saturated- animal unsaturated- veg
Characteristics of vitamins
Comes from sunlight
Other comes from vegetables
Characteristics of minerals
Water, soil, veg, salt
Magnesium calcium iron
Definition of hormones
Is a chemical that is made by cells that is in the endocrine gland and then goes in the blood stream to send message to a part of the body
Explain Temperature in the body
37° normal body temp
Absorbs and distributes heat around body and the blood vessels expand and come to surface of the skin to let heat out. When the body is cold the blood vessels get smaller to keep heat in the body is
What is the definition of homeostasis and examples
Maintaining feedback of the body to stable use different body systems
Temp
Blood levels
Osmosis
Explain exchange of materials with body tissue
Capillary to tissue fluid exchange
They allow fluids, gases and nutrients and waste to go through the blood and the body tissue by diffusion. Capillary walls allows water and small solutes to pass between the pores but protein can’t pass through.
How do white blood cells fight infection
They will help to kill pathogen ps and microbes that stray into the bodies memory lymphocytes and remember infections so they can kill them quicker
What do clot wounds work
Platelets clot together to help clot and stop the bleeding.
Platelets stick together
Allows oxygen in to heal
Growth and rebuilding
Scab and eventually the scab will fall off
What does the immune system do
They keep a microbe and know the info so they can distort them microbes next time
Injury an inactive form a pathogen into the body.
What does the blood flow through the heart do
Bring oxygen and glucose to every cell in the body
Simple order of blood flow in the heart
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Why can’t oxygenated blood mix with deoxygenated blood
Ther is an interracial septum and would.make it hard for the body to gain oxygen
Which side of the heart is the biggest and why
Left side is always bigger due to muscles
Why does the blood needs its own blood supply
Because of the watertight lining of the thickness of the myocardium, the heart can depend on thus blood contained it’s own chambers for oxygen and nourishment. It possess a vascular system of its own. (coronary arterial system)
Why is the muscle bigger in the left side of the heart
Due to it pumping oxygenated blood at high pressure around the body
Why is the muscle not as big on the right side
It only pumps deoxygenated blood and is only a short journey
Purpose of valves
As the atrium fills with blood the valves are close and when the atrium contracts and that squeezes the blood and the values are pushed open
What can deoxygenated blood can back from the heart
Values in the veins stop the deoxygenated blood from flowing backwards and movement in the body makes the veins contraction which pushes the blood back up
What should be the sound of the heart
Lub dub
What is a part of the heart that pumps blood to right venting
Right atrium
What part of the heart is pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
What part of the heart pumps blood to the left ventricle
Left atrium
What part of the heart pumps blood to the body
Left ventricle
What are the gradients in the membrane
Diffusion goes from high concentration to low concentration
What is the purpose of the vena cava
Carry’s deoxygenated blood
What is the purpose of the right atrium
Deoxygenated blood when it contracts
What is the purpose of the right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood when it contracts
What is the purpose of the Pulmonary artery
Carbon dioxide is dropped off at the lungs and oxygen is picked up
What does the pulmonary vein carry
Oxygenated blood
What does the left atrium carry
Oxygenated blood
What is the diastole
Everywhere in filling with blood, complete relaxation in all areas in the heart. Also the vena cava is closed
What is the atrial stystole
Bicuspid and tricuspid values are fully open this means the rest of the blood fills ventricle top is relaxed
What is the ventricular systole
Semi lunar value open as the bicuspid and tricuspid value are forced open blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides of the heart
What’s the cardiac cycle
1) atria muscle contracts (top)
Semilunar value closes at these times
Bisuspid and tricuspid values are forced open
Blood is forced from the atria into the ventricle in both sides the heart
2) ventricles contract
Blood is forced into arteries
Semi lunar values are forced open
Bicuspid and tricuspid value now closed to stop blood
3) white heart is now relaxed all chambers filled with blood
Artria and ventricle are now relaxed
Semi lunar values are closed to stop blood entering through arteries
What is angina
Chest pain which is cussed by reduced blood flow and it causes a tight, dull or heavy pain in your chest. Is caused by the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles become narrowed by a build up a fatty substance
What are the symptoms of angina
Feels tight, dull or heavy chest
Triggered by stress or physical execution
Stops when resting
Treatments for angina
By medication to stop further or current angina attacks
Some people might need surgery
What does a pacemakers do
They are implanted in people whose heart telematics conduct system is not working properly, problems such as SAN not working properly and blockage or disputing of the impulses between the SAN and AVN or bundle of his. Pacemaker monitor hearts electrical activity and simulated the ventricles and atria
Diagram of the SAN
What is the QRS
ventricle depolarisation- the ventricles are positively ventricle are contracted . At the same time the atria depolarise- reset in the P wave
What does a ecg do
Record the electrical signals in the heart
What is the ecg used for
To see how the heart is functioning
What does a ecg identify
An abnormal heart rhythms and coronary heart disease
Why wouldn’t you use the ecg
Valvular detests can’t be detected by using the ecg
What does a P wave do
Shows when the SA node creates the atria and it contracts if not shows there’s a problem
What does the PR wave show
Shows delay before the atrioventricular node get electrical impulses
What does the Q wave show
Shows the electrical impulse reaching the bundle of his
What does the R up wave show
Shows the electrical impulses spreads to bundle of his branches
What does the R down wave show
Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres
What does the S wave show
Shows the electrical impulse teaching the punkinje fibres
What does the ST wave show
Shows diastole which means everything is relaxed
What does the T wave show
Shows the ventricular depolarisation (recovery wave)
What do the arteries do
Main arteries called dorsal aorta
Carry’s blood away from the heart
Stilts out into many smaller arteries (each part of body has whole system of arteries)
Structure of arteries
3 layers tough on outside, soft on inside
Outer gets thinner when during systole
Outer gets thicker when during diastole
What do capillaries do
Arteries give blood to capillaries which contains oxygen and carbon dioxide. It gives blood to veins which is then transports to the heart and lungs
What do veins do
Not as strong as artery’s but carry’s low pressure blood
Recurve blood from capillaries and take blood to to lungs and hearts
Got valves and this stops blood from going backwards
