LO4 KEY WORDS Flashcards
what is the muscle that is contracting/shortening called?
agonist
what is the muscle that is relaxing/lengthening called?
antagonist
what are muscles that work together called?
antagonistic pairs
what is the name of the disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints? there are 2 types
arthritis
what is the name of key hole surgery that cleans debris from a joint, usually the knee?
arthroscopy
what is the name for joint replacement surgery?
arthroplasty
what is bone mass?
a measure of the amount of minerals (mostly calcium and phosphorous) contained in a certain volume of bone.
bone mass measurements are used to diagnose osteoporosis, to see how well the treatments are working and predict how likely the bones are to break
what is cartilage?
a strong, flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body, such as in joints between bones and between the vertebrae in the spine
what is a fracture?
a partial or complete break in the bone
what is a joint?
formed of tissue and cartilage and is the area where 2 or more bones connect
its main function is to enable a part of the body to move
there are 4 types of joints
what is a ligament?
the tissue that connects bones or cartilages together
what is menopause?
when a woman stops having periods
during this time the hormone oestrogen declines
what are muscles?
tissues that consist of fibres that are responsible for moving different parts of the body
muscles move by contracting and relaxing
there are 3 types - visceral (inside organs), cardiac (in the heart) and skeletal (attached to bones)
what is oestrogen?
a hormone that promotes the formation of bone
it decreases after the menopause
what is osteoarthritis?
the most common form of arthritis
occurs most frequently in hands, hips and knees
what is osteoporosis?
a condition that causes the bones to fracture more easily
it is caused by loss of tissue that leads to bones becoming more brittle and fragile
what is an osteotomy?
the cutting and realigning of a bone
what is physiotherapy?
the treatment of injury, illness or disability by physical methods such as through massage and exercise
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
a chronic, progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet and ankles.
what are steroids?
anti-inflammatory medicines used to treat a range of conditions
what is a synovial joint?
the most common type of joint in the body.
they provide movement and stability
what is a synovial capsule?
a cavity that contains synovial fluid that is located between the surfaces of joints and is attached to the bones.
it protects the joints from too much movement.
what is synovial fluid?
a fluid located within the cavities of synovial joints.
it lubricates the joints and helps to reduce friction during movement
what is a tendon?
strong, fibrous tissue that attaches muscles to bones.
also attaches to structures in the body such as the eye.
its main function is to move the bone or structure
what is a transverse section of bone?
the image through the bone as though you were looking at it from the top across the middle.
what is a vertical section of bone?
the image of the bone as though you had cut from the top to the bottom looking at it from the side.
