LO 75 - 78

Question 1

OIL - RIG

Answer 1

oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

Question 2

_________ is an assigned number to each atom based on electron assignment used to ID redox reactions in nonmetals

Answer 2

oxidation states

Question 3

oxidation state ____ ionic charge

Answer 3

≠

Question 4

Oxidation state # = . . .

Answer 4

the “charge” it would have if all shared electrons were assigned to the more electronegative atom

Question 5

Group 1A and 2A metals always have oxidation states of ___________

Answer 5

+1 and +2 respectively

Question 6

Oxidation and reduction must occur together where the __________ oxidize other atoms and are themselves _________

Answer 6

oxidizing agents
reduced

Question 7

To balance a redox reaction in both mass and charge use the ______________ method for aqueous solutions

Answer 7

half-reaction method of balancing

Question 8

In an __________ cell, electricity can be generated from redox reactions

Answer 8

electrochemical

Question 9

___________ cells produce a current from a spontaneous redox reaction

Answer 9

voltaic/galvanic

Question 10

_________ cells consume a current to drive a nonspontaneous reaction

Answer 10

electrolytic

Question 11

__________ are conductive surfaces through which electrons can enter and leave half cells

Answer 11

electrodes

Question 12

The continual flow of e- requires a pathway for . . . and that pathway is commonly a _________

Answer 12

counterions to flow and neutralize charge buildup
salt bridge

Question 13

Current in measured in _______

Answer 13

Amperes/Amps (A)

Question 14

1 A = _______

Answer 14

1 Coulomb/second

Question 15

Electrons flow in response to differences in ______________ thus creating current

Answer 15

electrical potential

Question 16

Potential difference is measured in units of __________

Answer 16

Volts

Question 17

1 Volt (V) = ___________

Answer 17

1 Joule/Coulomb

Question 18

Increased potential difference means _________ tendency for electron flow

Answer 18

increased

Question 19

In a voltaic cell, the potential difference between two electrodes is referred to as the __________

Answer 19

Cell Potential (E cell)

Question 20

E cell of a voltaic cell depends on the . . .

Answer 20

tendency of the reactants to undergo oxidation or reduction

Question 21

E°cell refers to . . .

Answer 21

a cell with components in standard state

Question 22

Oxidation (loss of e-) occurs at the ______

Answer 22

anode

Question 23

Reduction (gaining e-) occurs at the _____

Answer 23

cathode

Question 24

In what direction do electrons in a cell flow?

Answer 24

anode to cathode

Question 25

How do you notate an electrochemical cell?

Answer 25

Using line notation
- write the oxidation half reaction on the left using the atom being oxidized
- write the reduction half reaction on the right (both start with r!)
- separate components in different states with a vertical line
- separate components in the same states with a comma

Question 26

The potentials of half cells cannot be . . .

Answer 26

measured directly

Question 27

How is the potential of half cells calculated?

Answer 27

By comparison to the arbitrary zero seen in the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)

Question 28

How is E° cell calculated?

Answer 28

E° cell = E° cathode - E° anode

Question 29

Which electrode in a half-cell will have a greater tendency to oxidize?

Answer 29

The electrode more in which E° cell is negatively charged relative to the SHE

Question 30

Which electrode in a half-cell will have a greater tendency to be reduced?

Answer 30

The electrode in which E° cell is positive relative to the SHE

Question 31

What happens to the value of E° cell for a half reaction multiplied by some constant?

Answer 31

E° cell is NOT changed

Question 32

The half reaction with the more _________ electrode potential tends to oxidize. Thus, look for the reaction with the smallest E° value and assume it will proceed in the __________ direction

Answer 32

negative
reverse

Question 33

If the overall E° cell is positive, then the reaction will be ___________

Answer 33

spontaneous

Question 34

Most acids dissolve metals by the _________ of K+ ions to ________ gas and the corresponding _________ of metal into its ions

Answer 34

reduction
H2
oxidation

Question 35

metals with a reduction half-reaction listed below the reduction of ___________ will dissolve in acid

Answer 35

H+ → H2