LO 1 - 10 Flashcards
Crystalline Solids
long range molecular order, patterns repeat
Amorphous Solids
Solids have no long term order
Increasing pressure favors _____ states
denser
Increasing temperatures favors _____ states
less dense
The degree of polarity in a bond depends on the difference in atoms’ ______
electronegativity
Weakest IMF present in all molecules and atoms
Dispersion forces
IMF that is stronger than dispersion forces but present in polar molecules
Dipole-Dipole
Strongest IMF present in molecules containing H bonded to F, O, or N
Hydrogen Bonding
IMF stronger than hydrogen bonding but only present in mixtures of ionic and polar compounds
Ion-Dipole
Boiling point increases with _______ molar mass and ______ dispersion forces
increasing, stronger
If two molecules are the same molar mass, the one with the greater boiling point will have a greater ______
dipole-moment
Resistance to liquid flow
viscosity
The energy required of a liquid to increase the surface area by a unit amount
surface tension
____ IMF = more viscous
_____ molar mass = more viscous
increased temperature = _____ viscous
Greater, Greater, Less
Cohesion between molecules + adhesion of molecules to a small tube = _____
capillary action
↑ Surface Area = ___ Vaporization
↑ Temperature = ____ Vaporization
____ IMF = Increased Vaporization
Increased, Increased, ↓
Vaporization is an _______ process
endothermic
Condensation is an _______ process
exothermic
The amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of liquid into gas is ______
Heat of Vaporization (ΔH vap.)
ΔH condensation = ________
-ΔH vaporization
When is dynamic equilibrium reached for a liquid?
rate of evaporation = rate of condensation
The pressure of a gas in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid
vapor pressure
Substances with weak IMF will have a _____ VP. They are _____.
High, Volatile
Substances with strong IMF will have a ______ VP. They are _____.
Low, non-volatile
Le Chatelier’s Principle states that …
a liquid in dynamic equilibrium with its gas is a balanced system that tends to return to equilibrium if disturbed
Boiling point is when a liquid’s VP = _______
external pressure
Normal boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid’s VP = _____
1 atm
Once the boiling point is reached, additional heat _____________ only increases rate of boiling
does not increase liquid temperature
Equation to relate temperature and VP
P vap. = B (-ΔHvap / R T)
- B constant
- R gas constant 8.314
- T Kelvin
The point at which the transition to a supercritical fluid occurs
critical point
Direct transition from a solid to a gas
sublimation
Direct transition from a gas to a solid
deposition
Fusion is another word for
melting of a solid to a liquid
The energy needed to melt one mole of a solid
heat of fusion (ΔH fus.)
ΔH fus. is always ____
endothermic
ΔH freezing is always _____
exothermic
ΔH freezing = _______
-ΔH fusion
In general, ΔH fus. ____ ΔH vap.
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