Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEM 14203 > LO 42 - 46 > Flashcards

LO 42 - 46 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a neutralization reaction?

A

acids react with bases and produce H2O or sometimes a weak electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Weak acids do not _________ so they are notated by ↔ reaction arrows

A

fully ionize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ acids contain more than one ionizable proton and release them _________

A

polyprotic
sequentially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_______ acids have one, first strongly ionizable proton and then a second weaker one

A

diprotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ acids contain only two elements

A

binary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are binary acids named?

A

hydro + base name of nonmetal (-ic) + acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ contain H and an oxyanion which is a nonmetal + oxygen

A

oxyacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are oxyacids named when the oxyanion ends in -ate?

A

base name of oxyanion + -ic + acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are oxyacids named when the oxyanion ends in -ite?

A

base name of oxyanion + -ous + acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe acid-base titrations

A

a substance in solution of known concentration is reacted with another solution of unknown concentration. an indicator such as dye is used to signal the equivalence point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the titration equivalence point

A

when the # of mols OH- equals the number of mols H+ in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neutralization reactions between concentrated acids and bases are highly __________

A

exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 distinct characteristics of acids

A
  1. sour taste
  2. dissolve many metals
  3. turn litmas paper blue → red
  4. neutralize bases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four distinct characteristics of bases

A
  1. bitter taste
  2. slippery feeling
  3. turn litmas paper red → blue
  4. neutralize acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid

A

a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of a base

A

a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Weakness or strength of an acid/base is determined by __________ according to Arrhenius

A

amount that dissociates into ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid

A

a proton donor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base

A

a proton acceptor

20
Q

__________ substances such as H2O can act as an acid or a base

A

amphoteric

21
Q

____________ acid-base pairs are two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton

A

conjugate

22
Q

Base + H+ → ______

A

conjugate acid

23
Q

Acid - H+ → ________

A

conjugate base

24
Q

What two factors affect the strength of a binary acid

A
  1. bond polarity
  2. bond strength
25
Q

How does bond polarity impact the strength of a binary acid

A

Increasing the polarity of an “H-X” bond increases the strength of the acid. When shared electrons in an “H-X” bond spend most of their time close to “X” atom, the bond becomes polar. It also becomes weaker.

26
Q

How does bond strength impact the strength of binary acids

A

the stronger the bond the weaker the acid because the H atom will be held more tightly

27
Q

What two factors affect the strength of an oxyacid (HYOx)

A
  1. electronegativity of “Y”
  2. number of oxygens bonded to “Y”
28
Q

How does the electronegativity of “Y” in an oxyacid (HYOx) impact strength of the acid

A

the more electronegative Y, the more it weakens and polarizes the H-O bond and thus the more acidic

29
Q

How does the number of oxygens bonded to “Y” in an oxyacid (HYOx) impact strength of the acid

A

additional O atoms are electronegative and thus draw e- density away from the bonds to Y and H, weaking the bonds and increasing acidity

30
Q

The ______ ________ constant (Ka) quantifies the relative strength of a weak acid based on the law of mass action

A

acid ionization

31
Q

The smaller Ka is, the _______ the acid ionizes thus indicating it as _______

A

less
weaker

32
Q

Because water is amphoteric, it acts as an acid or base with itself in a process known as ________

A

autoionization

33
Q

The ______________ of water (Kw) represents H2O at equilibrium

A

ion product constant

34
Q

Kw = ____________ (concentration terms) @ 25°C

A

[H3O+] · [OH-]

35
Q

Kw = ____________ (numeric) @ 25°C

A

1.0 · 10^-14

36
Q

A neutral solution contains
[H3O+] = [OH-] = ____________ @ 25°C

A

1.0 · 10^-14

37
Q

An acidic solution contains
[H3O+] _____ [OH-]

A

>

38
Q

A basic solution contains
[H3O+] _____ [OH-]

A

<

39
Q

In aqueous solutions both [H3O+] and [OH-] are present and _________ holds true

A

[H3O+] · [OH-] = 1.0 · 10^-14

40
Q

A “p” scale of any kind indicates the _________ of a value

A

-log (x)

41
Q

The pH scale specifics the _______ of a solution as given by pH = _______

A

acidity
-log [H3O+]

42
Q

pH + pOH = ______

A

14

43
Q

The numbers to the right of the decimal place in a pH or pOH value correspond to the number of ________________

A

significant figures in the negative log
ex. -log (1.0 · 10^-3) = 3.00 pH
2 sig figs 2 decimal places

44
Q

pKa = _________ where the smaller the pKa value, the _________ the associated acid

A

-log(Ka)
stronger

45
Q

For oxyacids (H-X-O):
more electronegative X = _________
more O atoms = ___________

A

stronger,
stronger

46
Q

For binary acids (H-A):
larger the atom = ____________

A

stronger

47
Q

Strong acids and strong bases do not ____________________. As such, when you get the conjugates of a SA or SB in the products side of a reaction . . .

A

reform in solution
they will be neutral

CHEM 14203 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions