LO 6 Flashcards
What are the 6 major bones of the skull?
- Occipital bone
- Parietal bone
- Temporal bone
- Frontal bone
- Sphenoid bone (near eye socket, connects to temporal and parietal bone)
- Ethmoid bone (square bone at the root of the nose- olfactory nerve passes through here)
What are the divisions of the spine, and how many bones does each division have?
- Cervical - 7
- Thoracic - 12
- Lumbar - 5
- Sacrum - 1
- Coccyx (tailbone) - 1
What is the purpose of the curvature of the spine?
It gives strength to support body, allowing us to stand and walk
Describe the vertebral column
- Made up of individual vertebrae
- Stacked in such a way to give the spine flexibility and strength
- The various parts of the vertebrae play an important role in controlling the movement of the spine
Describe the thorax
- 12 pairs of ribs
- Sternum (breast bone) - manubrium (superior portion), xiphoid process (piece of cartilage at lower end)
- Thoracic vertebrae (thorax/chest) - 12 in total; ribs attached to them
What two sections compose the sternum?
- Manubrium - superior portion
- Xiphoid process- piece of cartilage at lower end
Each pair of ribs attach posteriorly to a ______, all except the lower 2 pairs also attach anteriorly to ______ by ______
- Thoracic vertebrae
- The sternum
- Costal cartilage
What is unique about the 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs of ribs?
They attach to the cartilage of the 7th ribs, they are the “false ribs”
What is unique about the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs?
They don’t attach to any costal cartilage, they are the “floating ribs”
Describe the hyoid bone
- Horseshoe shaped bone in the interior midline of the neck
- Used in tongue movement and swallowing
- Attached to the muscles of the tongue and the floor of the mouth
What are the major parts of the upper extremity of the appendicular skeleton?
- Shoulder/pectoral girdle
- Arms
- Wrists
- Hands
What are the major parts of the lower extremity of the appendicular skeleton?
- Hips
- Pelvic girdles
- Legs
- Ankles
- Feet
The shoulder is also known as the _____
Pectoral girdle
The ______ is an arm bone that runs from shoulder to elbow
Humerus
The 2 bones running from elbow to wrist
Radius and ulna (radius is the bigger one, ulna is smaller)
What are the 2 major bones of the wrists and palms and how many of each are there?
- Carpal - 8
- Metacarpal - 5
How many phalangy (finger) bones are there?
14
Why do our hands have such great dexterity?
Because our wrists and hands have more bones in them for their size than any other part of our body
Describe the pectoral girdle and what is included
- Shoulder -
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Clavicle (collar bone - commonly fractures)
- Connects upper extremity to axial skeleton
- Point of connection - sternoclavicular joint
Describe the humerus
- It is the long bone of the arm and the second longest bone in the body
- It is held in place at the scapula by the rotator cuff
Describe the radius and ulna
- They are the forearm bones between the elbow and wrist
- Their anatomical positions are that the radius is lateral and the ulna is medial
Describe the elbow joint
- Bony process of ulna (olecranon ) fits into big ‘crater’ (olecranon fossa) on posterior of humerus
Describe the pelvic girdle
- Also known as the hips
- There are two pelvic (coxal) bones
- Also contains sacrum and coccyx
- It is a strong base to support the torso and connect lower extremities to the axial skeleton
Describe the femur
- Is the thigh bone
- Longest bone in the body
- Runs hip to knee
- Head joins hip at acetabulum
- Distal end joins with tibia and fibula at knee