LO 1

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

Derived from two words that mean “cutting apart” - focuses on the structure of the human party by cutting apart through dissection or imaging

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts - done through experimentation

Question 3

What is the relationship of anatomy to physiology?

Answer 3

Anatomical structures are suited to perform specific functions (size, shape, form, or position in body related to ability to perform specialized activities)

Question 4

What are the 7 levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Answer 4

1. Chemical - atoms and molecules
2. Organelle
3. Cell - smallest living unit
4. Tissue - organizations of similar cells that work together
5. Organ - organizations of different tissues that work together
6. Organ systems - organizations of many organs that work together
7. Organism - the living thing

Question 5

Define anatomical position

Answer 5

Standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward. Head and feet also point forward.

Question 6

Describe supine position

Answer 6

Body laying down facing upward

Question 7

Describe prone position

Answer 7

Body laying down facing down

Question 8

Superior is the opposite of ______

Answer 8

Inferior

Question 9

Anterior is the opposite of _______

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Medial means _______

Answer 10

Toward the midline

Question 11

Lateral means ________

Answer 11

Toward the side of the body and away from midline

Question 12

Proximal means ________

Answer 12

Toward the nearest trunk of the body or point of origin of one of its parts

Question 13

Distal means _________

Answer 13

Away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin

Question 14

The opposite of superficial is _________

Answer 14

Deep

Question 15

Describe the saggital plane

Answer 15

Lengthwise plane that divides the body into left and right sections (do not need to be equal sizes)

Question 16

Describe the midsagittal plane

Answer 16

Divides the body into two equal left and right halves

Question 17

Describe the frontal or coronal plane

Answer 17

Lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Question 18

Describe the transverse plane

Answer 18

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections

Question 19

Name the two major body cavities

Answer 19

1. Ventral - whole abdominal cavity
2. Dorsal - cranial and spinal cavity

Question 20

What cavities are included in the ventral body cavity?

Answer 20

1. Thoracic cavity
2. Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 21

What divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Answer 21

The diaphragm

Question 22

What are the two sections of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 22

1. Pleural cavity
2. Mediastinum

Question 23

Describe the mediastinum

Answer 23

Mid-portion of the thoracic cavity - contains the heart and trachea

Question 24

Describe the pleural cavities

Answer 24

Part of the thoracic cavity that contains the lungs - left lung in left cavity, right lung in right cavity

Question 25

What is contained in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 25

Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

Question 26

What is contained in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 26

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and lowest part of the intestines

Question 27

Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 27

1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ) 2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ) 3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ) 4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 28

Name the top three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 28

1. Right hypochondriac region 2. Epigastric region 3. Left hypochondriac region

Question 29

Name the mid three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 29

1. Right lumbar (flank) region 2. Umbilical region 3. Left lumbar (flank) region

Question 30

Name the lowest three regions of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 30

1. Right iliac (inguinal) region 2. Hypogastric (pubic) region 3. Left iliac (inguinal) region

Question 31

Name the two components of the dorsal cavity

Answer 31

1. Cranial cavity - contains brain 2. Spinal cavity - contains spinal cord

Question 32

What is contained in the axial region?

Answer 32

Head, neck, torso/trunk

Question 33

What comprises the appendicular region?

Answer 33

Upper and lower extremities

Question 34

Define homeostasis

Answer 34

Relative consistency of the internal environment

Question 35

Define feedback loops

Answer 35

The basic type of control system in the body required for self regulation (homeostasis)

Question 36

Define negative feedback loop with an example

Answer 36

A control process in the body that opposes or negates changes in the body - body's temperature control (shivering)

Question 37

Define positive feedback loop with an example

Answer 37

Temporary amplification of change in the body - contractions during labour

Question 38

Body functions are related to ______

Answer 38

Age - peak efficiency in young adulthood, less efficient in childhood and old age

Question 39

Define sensor, control center, and effector

Answer 39

1. Sensor detects changes and sends info to control center 2. Control center responds by initiating certain changes that are sent to the effector 3. Effector influences the controlled condition