LO 1.0 - Discuss the Structure and Function of Typical Plant External and Internal Anatomy Flashcards
Question
What is the BIOSPHERE?
Biological Organisation
The BIOSPHERE includes all life on earth and the places where life exists.
Biological Organisation
Question
What are some ECOSYSTEMS?
Biological Organisation
Oceans, Forests, Grasslands, Lakes,
Deserts
Biological Organisation
Question
What are BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES?
Biological Organisation
BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
All organisms sharing the same ecosystem.
i.e In a forest ecosystem all the different trees, plants species.
It also includes all the animals and other visible and non-visible life.
Fill the blank.
Within a community a group of the same species is called a __________.
Fill the blank.
Biological Organisation
POPULATION
Biological Organisation
Fill the blank.
Individual living things are called _________.
Fill the blank.
Biological Organisation
ORGANISMS
i.e. A tree is an ORGANISM
Biological Organisation
Question
What are ORGANS or SYSTEMS?
Biological Organisation
In an individual organism have ORGANS or SYSTEMS.
i.e. a leaf is an organ of a tree or plant
Biological Organisation
Fill the blank.
Inside organs and systems, you will find various _______ that may have different functions
Biological Organisation
TISSUES
Example tissues are the Xylem and Phloem that carry food and water.
Biological Organisation
Question
What are some shared characteristics of plant CELLS?
The most basic and smallest unit that is needed for life.
Biological Organisation
Some shared characteristics of cells
- All cells have a membrane that controls passage of materials.
- All cells have some kind of DNA or genetic material.
- They can reproduce.
Inside of cells there are ORGANELLES
Biological Organisation
Review
Biological Organisation
Biological Organisation
Take 3 minutes to watch the video on Biological Organisation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQ26klraKvU
Biological Organisation
Question
Why do we need CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY?
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
There are ~2 million species that have been described by science but many more are unknown.
In 1735, Carl Linnaeus created the TAXONOMY system.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Explainer
Within TAXONOMY, As you go down the list, one classification is a subdivision of the previous one.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
- So, DOMAIN is a sub division of LIFE
- KINGDOM is a subdivision of DOMAIN
- and etc…
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
How are ORGANISMS classified?
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
- Organisms are classified and grouped by characteristics and traits
- Often based on a common ancestry
- The first large division in the system is called the DOMAIN
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What is Phylogenetics?
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships between living things.
The Tree of Life
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Info
Originally thought to be 3 Domains. Recent studies have shown there to be only 2.
Eukaryotes grouped with Archaea.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Eukaryota has NUCLEUS, is more complex than Bacteria and Archaea.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What are the two types of cells?
That define Bacteria & Archaea and Animal, Plant & Fungi.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What are PROKARYOTES?
The cells.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
PROKARYOTES
- No membrane bound organelles
- No nucleus
- Singular celled
- Bacteria and archaea
- Bacteria are tiny and simpler operating
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What are EUKARYOTES?
The cells.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
EUKARYOTES
* Humans, insects, fungi, plants
* Single celled or multi-cellular (usually)
* Membrane bound organelles
* Organelle bound cells including having a nucleus
* Bigger cells – more power/organised
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What are the Five/Six Kingdoms?
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
The Five/Six Kingdoms.
1. Plantae (Plants, eukaryotic)
2. Animals (All multicellular animals, eukaryotic)
3. Fungi (moulds, Mushrooms, yeasts, eukaryotic)
4. Protista (Amoeba, plasmodium, unicellular organisms, some algae, eukaryotic single celled organisms)
5. Bacteria, (blue-green algae) & Archaea (prokaryotes)
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Explainer
Phyllum
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Phyllum is more complex
– flowering angiosperms and non-flowering gymnosperms plants (also vascular and non vascular)
Gymnosperms are the naked seed plants such as conifers and cycads
– non vascular plants include mosses and liverworts
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Explainer
Class, Order
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Class is also complex –
It is divides between the Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons
Order is a grouping of similar families of plants
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
What do you know about FAMILY?
In the classification system.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
FAMILY
* 452 vascular plant families so far world wide
* Plants that share traits/characteristics
* Important for Plant Identification
* Use a key to identify
* Often based on observation of flower characteristics (i.e. numbers of petals etc)
* Important for Crop Rotation
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
Describe what we mean by GENUS & SPECIES.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
GENUS & SPECIES.
* At species level you are identifying individual organisms.
* At a species level, you are looking for very specific characteristics, i.e. leaf size between one vetch and another or a slight different shape in a petal or a line of hair up a stem – very specific.
* It can be quite difficult!!
* Apps - PlantNet, Flora Incognita etc
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Example
An typical example of naming convention using GENUS & SPECIES
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Common name and Latin name.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Question
Why LATIN?
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
- Genus and species written in Latin with Capital letter for genus and small letter for species, underlined or in Italics
Example: Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus excelsior, Common name: Ash Tree - There are many different international and local common names for species
Example: Gorse, Whin, Furze – Common names Latin: Ulex europaeus
The use of Latin genus and species is globally universal
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Explainer
PLANTS
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
- Vascular plants are plants that have differentiated tissues i.e. Xylem and Phloem.
- There are 400,000 species of vascular plants known to Science.
- 94% of vascular plants are flowering plants .
- 2000 new species found each year.
- 21% are threatened with extinction.
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Info Graphic
PLANTS
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
Info Graphic
FLOWERING PLANTS
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
CLASSIFICATION - TAXONOMY
