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L5 - 2 - Plant Science > Final Exam Revision > Flashcards

Final Exam Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Question

What chemical elements make up most living organisms?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

COHN

  • Carbon
  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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2
Q

Question

Define Photosynthesis

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Photosynthesis is a chemical process that makes carbohydrate and oxygen from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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3
Q

Question

What powers the photosynthetic reaction?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Sunlight…. Photons of light

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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4
Q

Question

What is the full chemical equation for
Photosynthesis?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light and Chlorophyll + C6hH12O6 + 6O2
6 Carbon Dioxide + 6 Water + Light & Chlorophyll + Glucose + 6 Oxygen

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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5
Q

Question

Where does CO2 come from that plants use to make food?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • CO2 is present in the air because most organisms including humans expel CO2 as a waste product of Respiration.
  • Plants take up CO2 through their stomata from the air.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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6
Q

Question

Where in the plant does Photosynthesis take place?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

In the Chloroplasts – between the granum (thylakoid membrane) and the stroma.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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7
Q

Question

What are the 3 types of Photosynthesis?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • C3
  • C4
  • CAM

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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8
Q

Question

Why are plants green?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Plants are green because they have a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light energy from the sun for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll reflects green light, which makes plants appear green to us.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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9
Q

Question

What is the end product of Respiration?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • ATP – Energy in the form of ATP
  • CO2 and water as a by-product (waste) but also Heat is produced

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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10
Q

Question

Define Cellular respiration.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Cellular respiration is the process through which cells convert sugars (glucose) into energy.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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11
Q

Question

Where does respiration occur?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

In the Mitochondria of cells.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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12
Q

Question

What are the 3 parts to the respiration process?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Glycolysis (breaks down glucose without O2) = ATP (fermentation)
  • Krebs Cycle = ATP
  • Electron Transport Chain = Lots more ATP

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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13
Q

Question

Give an example of a factor affecting the rate of Respiration.

Name three

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Stage of growth, younger plant tissue has higher respiration than older tissue.
  • Oxygen decrease – Respiration decrease
  • Temperature decrease – Respiration decrease

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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14
Q

Question

Give examples of one internal and one external factor affecting plant growth.

5 Listed.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • External – Light (day length) also intensity.
  • External – Temperature.
  • Internal – Plant hormones.
  • External – Ethylene- fruit ripening hormone.
  • Internal – Auxin rooting hormone.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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15
Q

Question

What is Geotropism?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Response of a plant to force of gravity – roots grow down and shoot up…
  • Auxin plant hormone is involved in this.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

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16
Q

Question

What hormone is important for stomata opening and closing?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Abscisic Acid

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

17
Q

Question

These are the stages of growth.

  • Germination
  • Growth to Maturity
  • Flowering
  • Fruit Development
  • Abscission
  • Seed Dormancy

What hormones are important at these stages of growth?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Gibberelin – Germination, Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development
  • Auxin – Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development
  • Cytokinine – Growth to Maturity, Flowering, Fruit Development
  • Ethylene – Flowering, Fruit Development, Abscission
  • Abscisic Acid – Abscission, Seed Dormancy

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

18
Q

Question

What practical application is cytokinin used for?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Making of Agar substrate for Tissue culture of plants to induce shoot development.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

19
Q

Question

Define Genetics.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Genetics is the study of heredity (inherited traits)
  • Traits passed from one generation to the next

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

20
Q

Question

What is a Gene?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • A gene is a segment of DNA carried on chromosomes.
  • Genes are responsible for inheritable traits i.e. flower colour, seed shape.
  • They are units of inheritance.
  • They can be Dominant or Recessive for a characteristic.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

21
Q

Question

Who is known as the father of Genetics?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Gregor Mendel

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

22
Q

Question

What is a Pure Line?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • A pure line in genetics is an individual that has a stable set of traits that are achieved through self fertilisation over multiple generations.
  • The pure line carries homozygous (RR o rr) traits from both parents.
  • It takes 6-9 generations to do this through selfing (self fertilisation).

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

23
Q

Question

Genotype + Environment = ??

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Phenotype – unique appearance

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

24
Q

Question

What does Heterozygous mean in terms of gene pairs?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Heterozygous refers to having inherited different forms of a particular gene i.e. Rr for round/wrinkled seed.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

25
Q

Question

State Mendel’s first Law

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Law of segregation - Inheritable traits are defined by pairs of factors (genes), one from each parent

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

26
Q

Question

Complete a punnet square for a pure breed homozygous cross.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

27
Q

Question

Complete a punnet square for a monohybrid
heterozygous cross.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

28
Q

Question

What is your understanding of Heterosis or Hybrid vigor?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Cross between two pure breeds give rise to combined traits of 2 pure breed parents
  • increased biomass, fertility, disease resistance, growth rate in offspring compared to either parent

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

29
Q

Question

What kind of crops are usually sold as F1 hybrid seed?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Annuals and Vegetables (not Lettuce though)

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

30
Q

Question

What Classification name does Plantae fall under? Fungi and Animalia are two others in the same designation.

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Kingdom

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

31
Q

Question

What is your understanding of a plant form?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • Form describes minor but noticeable variation within a sp. or ssp. Denoted by f. such as in flower colour (does not correlate with geographical range)
  • Geranium maculatum f. albiflorum

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

32
Q

Question

What does the name in inverted commas refer to?
* Malus domestica ‘Bramley’s Seedling’

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

The Cultivar

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

33
Q

Question

How is a Hybrid written between.
Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A

Tilia x euopaea

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

34
Q

Question

If an X is before a name, what does it mean?

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

A
  • A genus hybrid
  • X Cupressocyparis leylandii

Plant Science Final Exam Revision

L5 - 2 - Plant Science (40 decks)

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