LMP301 Lecture 6: Lipids & Cardiac Disease Flashcards
IHD
Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease
Inadequate supply of blood to the heart; some kind of blockage causes heart to stop working.
____ of deaths from IHD can be prevented
> 1/2
Differences between men and women in terms of IHD
Symptoms in women are less characteristic than men -> under diagnosis
Risk for men and women are the same
Disease that may result from fat deposits in the arteries
- IHD
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Stroke
Peripheral vascular disease
Blood can’t flow the the extremeties
Where is the lipid core found?
Nested in the intima
What holds the lipid core in place?
Fibrous cap
4 types of lipids
- Cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- FA
Which lipids are used for fule?
TG and FA
Which lipids can be found in the membrane?
Cholesterol & phospholipids
Functions of cholesterol
Production of hormones
Membrane structure
Functions of phospholipids
Make up cell membranes
Signalling
Transporter for lipids
Lipoproteins carry circulating lipids in plasma & lympth
Carriers for FFA
Albumin
Exogenous pathway for lipids
Lipids consumed from fats
Endogenous pathway for lipids
Lipids made by the body
Outline exogenous pathway for lipid metabolism
Dietary fats transported in body by chylomicrons (used in muscle or stored in adipose). Remnant returns to liver to be metabolized. Liver secretes bile which help emulsify fats in the intestines.
Outine endogenous pathway of lipid metabolism
Liver produces VLDL -> broken down into TG and IDL. TG goes to muscles and adipose tissue while IDL can return to liver or become LDL. LDL deposits cholesterol in extra-hepatic cells, then return to liver.
Liver can also make HDL which picks up extra cholesterol from cells-> return to liver to be metabolized.
Liver produce bile from the cholesterol which is used in the exogenous pathway
Extra-hepatic cells
Cells other than liver cells
What does HDL do?
Reverse cholesterol transport
Reverse cholesterol transport
Take extra cholesterol from cells and returns to liver (prevent buildup)
List the lipoproteins in order of least dense -> most
- Chylomicrons
- VLDL
- IDL
- LDL
- HDL
Which is the largest lipoprotein?
CM
Purpose of CM
Transport TG and TC
What happens to the CM remnant?
Metabolized by the liver to give VLDL
Purpose of VLDL
Carry mostly TG and some TC to adipose & muscle tissues
What happens to VLDL during transfer?
Some of it’s surface components are lost
VLDL ->
IDL
Purpose of IDL
- Return to liver
2. Become LDL
Purpose of LDL
Carries TC to peripheral tissues
What do LDL bind to?
Specialized receptors on liver & peripheral cells
Atherogenic
Promote formation of fatty plaques in the arteries
Which LP is atherogenic?
LDL