LM19-20

Question 1

Polar definition

Answer 1

Electrons are shared unequally and favor one side over the other

Question 2

Nonpolar

Answer 2

Electrons are shared equally, are placed equidistant from each point

Question 3

H2O is polar due to _____

Answer 3

Lone electron pairs on the central atom that cause it to have a non-linear arrangement

Question 4

Bond length of H2 molecule

Answer 4

74 picometers

Question 5

Octet rule

Answer 5

atoms want a filled outer shell (s2, s2p6)

Question 6

∆EN, what does it show

Answer 6

difference in electronegativities, tells polarity and type of bond

Question 7

Polarity

Answer 7

Separation of electrical charge in a bond/molecule

Question 8

Covalent bonds’ ∆EN value

Answer 8

∆EN < 1.5 (approximate)

Question 9

Ionic bonds’ ∆EN value

Answer 9

∆EN > 1.5 (approximate)

Question 10

As ∆EN gets higher, ionic character (tendency to transfer electrons) ____

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

Non-polar bonds’ ∆EN values

Answer 11

∆EN = 0 (approximate value, can reach up to ∆EN = 0.4)

Question 12

Polar bonds’ ∆EN values

Answer 12

∆EN ≠ 0

Question 13

EN possible values

Answer 13

0-4

Question 14

Hydrogen EN value

Answer 14

2.1

Question 15

Second row EN values

Answer 15

1.0-4.0, increasing by 0.5

Question 16

Dipole Moment

Answer 16

Vectors that have magnitude and direction that show the difference in EN values between two atoms

Question 17

A dipole moment points to the atom with _______

Answer 17

greater EN value

Question 18

Dipole moment 𝛿+

Answer 18

Less electronegative atom

Question 19

Dipole moment 𝛿-

Answer 19

More electronegative atom

Question 20

A symmetrical molecule is _______

Answer 20

non-polar

Question 21

An asymmetrical molecule is _______

Answer 21

polar

Question 22

For a molecule to be non-polar, dipole vectors should ________

Answer 22

cancel out

Question 23

Coulombic attraction

Answer 23

Attraction between oppositely charged particles

Question 24

What potential energy does a hydrogen bond have?

Answer 24

-7 x 10^-19 J

Question 25

As bond distance gets shorter, potential energy ______

Answer 25

decreases

Question 26

Why does potential energy increase when atoms get extremely close?

Answer 26

The positive charges of the nuclei begin to repel each other

Question 27

What is the bond length of atoms in relation to potential energy?

Answer 27

The internuclear distance at which potential energy is the lowest is the bond length

Question 28

Endothermic process

Answer 28

The breaking of a bond through adding energy

Question 29

Exothermic process

Answer 29

The forming of a bond through releasing energy

Question 30

Lewis-Dot for Ionic Bonds: the anion will…

Answer 30

Be placed within brackets with a full shell

Question 31

Lewis-Dot for Ionic Bonds: the cation will…

Answer 31

Be placed outside of the brackets

Question 32

Lattice energy

Answer 32

energy required to break the bond in an ionic compound (how strongly bound it is)

Question 33

Charge density

Answer 33

The quantity of charge in a certain volume

Question 34

Characteristics that increase charge density

Answer 34

Decreased size, increased magnitude of charges (doubly-charged, etc)

Question 35

Charge density’s relationship with lattice energy is

Answer 35

directly proportional

Question 36

Charge density increases attraction because of

Answer 36

the increased magnitude of charges more strongly drawing opposite charges

Question 37

Ranking charge density prioritizes ___

Answer 37

magnitude of charge

Question 38

As attraction increases, bond length

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

As attraction increases, bond energy

Answer 39

increases

Question 40

Polarization Power

Answer 40

ability of cation to distort anion electron cloud

Question 41

Polarization power increases if a cation has _____

Answer 41

more charge density

Question 42

Polarizability

Answer 42

tendency of anion to be polarized

Question 43

Polarizability increases if an anion’s size _____

Answer 43

increases; so electron cloud is more distorted