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Anatomy > LM 1 > Flashcards

LM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shoulder joint stabilised by?

A
  • rotator cuff muscles
  • glenohumeral ligaments
  • coracohumeral ligaments
  • coracoacromial ligament
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2
Q

What can the thickening of coracoacromial ligaments cause?

A
  • impingement syndrome, pain lifting arm
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3
Q

Characteristics of ligaments in the shoulder

A
  • limits movement of bones within joint
  • stabilises the shoulder
  • prevents shoulder dislocation
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4
Q

What articulations are involved in the Scapulothoracic Joint?

A
  • costal surface of the scapula, subscapularis muscle, serrates anterior muscle and thoracic wall
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5
Q

What is the function of the Scapulothoracic Joint?

A
  • enable and integrate the movements of the scapula against the underlying chest wall with movements of the upper limb
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6
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic Joint innervated by?

A
  • accessory nerve
  • long thoracic
  • dorsal scapular nerves
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7
Q

What damages can occur from anterior shoulder dislocation?

A
  • axillary nerve injury
  • damage to axillary artery
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8
Q

Where do the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm attach to?

A
  • medial epicondyle
  • supracondylar ridge of the humerus
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9
Q

What muscles are always present in the superficial anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris to metacarpals
  • flexor carpi radialis to metacarpals
  • pronator teres muscle to radius
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10
Q

What muscle is not always present in the forearm?

A
  • Palmaris longus muscle
  • only present in 85% of population
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11
Q

What muscle is in the intermediate anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
  • has two heads (humeroulnar and radial) to middle phalanges of 2-5 digits in the hand
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12
Q

What is the function of the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

A
  • flex the fingers, thumb and pronate the forearm
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13
Q

What muscles are in the deep anterior forearm?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus muscle
  • pronator quadratus muscle
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14
Q

What the muscles in the deep anterior forearm innervated by?

A
  • median nerve
  • exception: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which are supplied by ulnar nerve
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15
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial posterior forearm?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longs and brevis - to metacarpal bones radial side
  • extensor carpi ulnaris - to metacarpal bones ulnar side
  • extensor digitorum - to phalanges
  • extensor digiti minimi - to phalanges of little finger
  • brachioradialis - attaches proximally to lateral supracondylar ridge and distal end of the radius
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16
Q

Where do the superficial posterior muscles of forearm arise from?

A
  • lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge of humerus
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17
Q

What are the muscles in the deep posterior forearm?

A
  • extensor indicis: fuses with tendon to extensor digitorum to index of finger
  • extensor pollicis longus: distal phalanx of thumb
  • extensor pollicis brevis: to proximal phalanx of thumb
  • abductor pollicis longus: to metacarpal of thumb
  • supinator muscle: ulna to radius
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18
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior forearm innervated by?

A
  • radial nerve via a deep branch
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19
Q

What movement can extensor carpi radialis and brevis produce?

A
  • abduction
  • extension at wrist
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20
Q

What movement does extensor carpi ulnaris produce?

A
  • adduction
  • flexion at wrist
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21
Q

Tendon from what muscle contributes to the anatomical snuffbox?

A
  • abductor pollicis longus - radial side
  • extensor pollicis brevis - radial side
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22
Q

What is the action of pectoralis major?

A
  • adducts and medially rotates the arm
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23
Q

What are the origins and insertions of pectoralis major?

A
  • origin: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
  • insertion: lateral side of bicipital groove of humerus
24
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis minor?

A
  • depresses the shoulder
25
Q

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

A
  • scapula protraction and upward rotation of the scapula
26
Q

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

A
  • extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm
27
Q

Where is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

A
  • bicipital groove of humerus
28
Q

What is the action of rhomboid major?

A
  • raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
29
Q

What is the action of rhomboid minor?

A
  • raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of deltoid?

A
  • origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
  • insertion: middle of lateral surface of shaft of the humerus
31
Q

What innervates the deltoid?

A
  • axillary
32
Q

What muscles comprise the rotator cuff group?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
33
Q

What is the action of supraspinatus muscle?

A
  • initiates 15 degrees and assists deltoid in abduction of the arm
34
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A
  • laterally rotates the arm
35
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A
  • laterally rotates arm
36
Q

What is the action of subscapularis muscle?

A
  • medially rotates arm
37
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the arm innervated by?

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve
38
Q

What is the posterior compartment of the arm innervated by?

A
  • radial nerve
39
Q

What is the axillary space?

A
  • area lying underneath Glenohumeral Joint at junction of the upper limb and thorax.
  • passageway for neurovascular and muscular structures can enter and leave the upper limb
40
Q

What are the contents of the axillary space?

A
  • nerves: brachial plexus and some of its branches which innervate upper limb
  • artery: axillary artery
  • vein: axillary vein continuation of basilic vein
  • lymphatics: axillary lymph nodes
41
Q

What three ligaments are present in the elbow joint?

A
  • annular ligament
  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • radial collateral ligament
42
Q

Location and role of annular ligament

A
  • around head of radius bone
  • helps keep radius in place when forearm is rotated
43
Q

Location of ulnar collateral ligament

A
  • located on medial side of joint, extending from medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna
44
Q

Role of ulnar collateral ligament

A
  • guards elbow against severe valves stress or pressure from outside of arm
45
Q

Location of radial collateral ligament

A
  • located on lateral side of joint, extending from lateral epicondyle of humerus to head of radius
46
Q

Role of radial collateral ligament

A
  • guards joint against excessive virus to inner to outer stress
47
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A
  • triangular space located anterior to the elbow
48
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A
  • nerve: median
  • artery: brachial
  • tendon: biceps brachii tendon
49
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A
  • deltoid, teres minor muscles, shoulder joint
50
Q

How could the axillary nerve be damaged?

A
  • dislocation of shoulder joint
  • fracture at neck of the humerus
51
Q

What is the spinal root value of the axillary nerve?

A
  • C5-6
52
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A
  • posterior arm, forearm and hand
53
Q

What is the spinal root value of radial nerve?

A
  • C5-T1
54
Q

What are the spinal root value of musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • C5-7
55
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A
  • muscles in the anterior muscle compartment including coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis
56
Q
A

Anatomy (5 decks)

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