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Anatomy > FOM 4/5: Nervous system > Flashcards

FOM 4/5: Nervous system Flashcards

understand pls. - do brain stuff

1
Q

Direction of afferent neurons

A
  • carry sensory information towards CNS
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2
Q

Direction of efferent neurons

A
  • carry motor information away from CNS
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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A
  • level of intervertebral disc between L1/2
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4
Q

What is superior of the spinal cord?

A
  • medulla oblongata (part of brainstem)
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5
Q

What is inferior of the spinal cord?

A
  • conus medullaris
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6
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A
  • fibrous band that extends from conus medullaris to periosteum of coccyx
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7
Q

Describe grey matter of spinal cord

A
  • composed primarily of cell bodies of neurons arranged as dorsal and ventral horn
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8
Q

Describe white matter of spinal cord

A
  • longitudinally oriented nerve fibres
  • colour is resulting from myelinated axons within fibres
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9
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A
  • space between pia and arachnoid matter
  • filled with CSF which cushions and protects your brain and spinal cord
  • protects brain from sudden head movement
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10
Q

What is the epineurium?

A
  • dense irregular connective tissue which surrounds group of fascicles
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11
Q

What is the perineurium?

A
  • surrounds each fascicle of nerve fibres
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12
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A
  • delicate loose connective tissue surrounding and embedding the individual nerve fibres and blood vessels
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13
Q

What do dorsal roots/rootlets do?

A
  • transmit sensory information towards spinal cord
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14
Q

What do ventral roots/rootlets do?

A
  • transmit motor information away from spinal cord
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15
Q

Where are the cell bodies of multipolar motor neurons located?

A
  • ventral horn of grey matter
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16
Q

Where are the cell bodies of pseudo unipolar sensory neurons located?

A
  • dorsal root ganglia
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17
Q

Describe ventral rami distribution

A
  • forms intercostal nerve passing anteriorly in intercostal space between 2 ribs giving branches other than intercostal muscles
  • skin also supplied
  • lower nerves continue into abdomen and supply abdominal wall muscles and overlying skin
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18
Q

Describe dorsal ramus distribution

A
  • supplies the erector spine muscles and area of skin over these muscles
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19
Q

What is a myotome?

A
  • region of skeletal muscle innervated by single spinal nerve/ spinal cord segment
20
Q

Which areas does the cervical plexus supply?

A
  • skin and muscles of head, neck and shoulder region
21
Q

Cervical plexus is comprised of which spinal nerves?

A
  • C1- 4
22
Q

Which areas does the brachial plexus supply?

A
  • skin and muscles of upper limb
23
Q

What spinal nerves comprise the brachial plexus?

A
  • C5-8, T1
24
Q

What are the 5 main nerves in the brachial plexus?

A
  • axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar and median
25
Q

What spinal nerves comprise the lumbar plexus?

A
  • L1-4
26
Q

Which areas does the lumbar plexus supply?

A
  • muscle and skin of anterior and medial aspect of thigh via femoral and obturator nerves
27
Q

Which spinal nerves comprise the sacral plexus?

A
  • L4-5, S1-4
28
Q

Which areas does the sacral plexus supply?

A
  • skin and muscle of posterior aspect of thigh, leg and foot via the sciatic nerve
29
Q

Where does the femoral nerve pass?

A
  • anteriorly to thigh
30
Q

What does the femoral nerve innervate?

A
  • quadriceps femoris muscle compartment
31
Q

Where does the obturator nerve pass?

A
  • medially through pelvis
32
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A
  • medial muscle compartment of thigh
33
Q

When does limb development take place?

A
  • 4-8th weeks of development
  • upper limb buds appear at 24 days
  • lower limb buds appear at 28 days
34
Q

Where is the skin of limbs derived from?

A
  • embryonic ectoderm
35
Q

Where the skeletomuscular system derived from?

A
  • mesoderm
36
Q

Why the apical ectodermal ridge important?

A
  • critical structure for normal limb development, directs proximo-distal growth of limb
  • promotes proliferation of cells in underlying mesenchyme
37
Q

What occurs in limb development in week 6?

A
  • distal parts of limb buds form hand plates and footplates.
  • digits formed by apoptosis occurring in sections of AER
  • separate hand and foot plates into 5 distinct regions that form the digits
38
Q

ANS innervation

A
  • heart and smooth heart muscle of blood vessels, viscera and glands
39
Q

What are the two neurons in the efferent pathway of ANS?

A
  • preganglionic
  • postganglionic
40
Q

What are the preganglionic neurons?

A
  • axons of first neurons leave spinal cord or brain
  • travel to sympathetic/parasympathetic
  • synapse on second neuron (postganglionic)
41
Q

Where are the sympathetic centres found?

A
  • thoracic and lumbar segments of spinal cord
  • thoracolumbar division
42
Q

Where are the parasympathetic centres found?

A
  • brainstem and sacral parts of spinal cord
  • craniosacral
43
Q

Where are preganglionic neurons found?

A
  • grey matter of CNS
44
Q

What neurotransmitter do all preganglionic fibres of ANS release?

A
  • acetylcholine
45
Q

Where are paravertebral ganglia found?

A
  • left and right of body, parallel to vertebral column
  • linked together in a chain to form left and right sympathetic trunk or chain
46
Q

Where are pre vertebral ganglia found?

A
  • anterior to vertebral column, forming several plexuses around major branches of the abdominal aorta
  • leave spinal cord anteriorly
47
Q
A

Anatomy (5 decks)

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