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Old FTCE ESOL > LL Language as a System > Flashcards

LL Language as a System Flashcards

1
Q

Orthography

A

The spelling patterns of language. Ortho means the breaking down words.

Examples are crime - slime or hate - gate.

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2
Q

Discourse Markers

A

Are words or phrases that connect the different parts of writing or speech.

Examples are firstly, meanwhile, too, also, likewise, or however.

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3
Q

Meronyms

A

Are words that are part of a more general term.

An example is pants would be zipper or cuff.

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4
Q

Connector

A

A word that relates words, phrases, or clauses to each other.

Examples are if, so that, therefore, or however.

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5
Q

Antonyms

A

Are words with the opposite meanings.

Examples are hot / cold or big / little.

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6
Q

False Cognates

A

Are words from different languages that look and sound alike, but have different meanings.

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7
Q

Homonyms

A

Are words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but have different meanings.

An example is fly because birds and planes fly.

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8
Q

Syntax

A

The ordering of words.

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9
Q

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

A

The relationship between symbols ( i.e. letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write.

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10
Q

Inflectional Affix

A

A type of affix that changes the form of the root or base word.

An example is “ed” changes the work into the past tense.

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11
Q

Uncountable Noun

A

Examples are water, love, safety.

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12
Q

Hyponyms

A

Are words that fall under a more general term.

Example are clothes are shirt/pants.

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13
Q

Discourse

A

The function of language in a social context

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14
Q

Affix

A

Are prefixes or suffixes that change root word’s meaning.

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15
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

Is a type of morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger word.

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16
Q

Semantics

A

Is the study of word or symbol meaning.

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17
Q

Syllable Awareness and Syllable Segmentation

A

The ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

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18
Q

Prefix

A

Is at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning.

Examples are: re, de, or un.

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19
Q

Suffix

A

A letter or letters at the end of a root word that changes its meaning.

Examples are s, es, ing, ly, or tion.

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20
Q

Varying Labels

A

There are multiple ways to refer to the same thing.

Examples are: dress / jumper or sneakers / shoes.

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21
Q

Phonology

A

Is a systematic organization of sounds in languages.

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22
Q

Derivational Affix

A

Is an affix that changes the root or base word into a new word.

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23
Q

Pragmatics

A

Is the study of language in use not in structure or appropriate use . It is the socially constructed rules of people interaction.

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24
Q

Register

A

The degree of formality with which one speaks

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25
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest individual sounds in a word.

Example: BIT would be -b -i -t
-b
-i
-t

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26
Q

Synonyms

A

Are words with the same or a similar meaning.

Example: angry/mad, s, es, ed, ing, ly, er, or.

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27
Q

Language Register

A

the degree of formality with which one speaks

28
Q

Formal Register

A

A proper way of speaking used in professional and academic settings.

29
Q

Countable Nouns

A

Nouns that have a quantity that can be determined using numbers.

Examples are potatoes or cars.

30
Q

Morphology

A

The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.

31
Q

Idiom

A

A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.

Examples are break a leg or its raining cats and dogs.

32
Q

Morpheme

A

Is a combination of sounds that has meaning and can not be broken down further.

Examples: write, laugh, and box.

33
Q

Determiner

A

Are words that provide information about nouns and are vital for forming meaningful language.

Example: a, an, the, this, that.

34
Q

Phonetics

A

The sounds of human speech.

35
Q

Language Acquisition

A

The process by which individuals learn a language.

36
Q

Minimal Pairs

A

Phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish.

37
Q

Informal Register

A

A casual way of speaking used in settings with family and friends.

38
Q

Free Morpheme / Unbound Morpheme

A

Morpheme that can stand alone or can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme.

39
Q

Language Function

A

The different uses of a particular language.

Example: an advertisement is used to persuade.

40
Q

Root

A

Base words to which prefixes, suffixes, and syllables can be added.

41
Q

Onomatopeia

A

Is the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

Examples are pitter patter or zap clap.

42
Q

Abstract noun

A

Is an idea, quality, or state rather than concrete object.

43
Q

Aspect

A

Are words that determine if the statement is referring to a single action or repeated action.

Example: will have talked vs will be talking.

44
Q

Clauses

A

A group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate.

45
Q

Coherence

A

A strong main idea where each sentence leads to the next.

46
Q

Cohesion

A

Ties or joins sentences together.

47
Q

Conjunction

A

Join together sentences, clauses, phrases or words.

48
Q

Cultural assimilation

A

Where the minority culture comes to resemble a society’s majority group with their
values, behaviors, and beliefs.

49
Q

Digraphs

A

Are two letters that make a single sound.

Example: ch, th, wh, and sh.

50
Q

Elision vs contractraction

A

Easy to confuse. Both function to reduce clumsiness by shortening words or phrases and both use apostrophes.

51
Q

Free & Unbound Morphone

A

A type of morpheme that stands alone, and can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme. The lexeme is the meaning underlying in words.

Examples: the, run, on, keyboard, greenhouse.

52
Q

graphophonemic

A

The ability to match up graphemes to phonemes within individual words. The letter with the sound.

53
Q

Idiom

A

A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.

Example: It’s raining cats and dogs.

54
Q

Inductive Discourse

A

Uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion, but the conclusion could be false.

55
Q

Inferential Discourse

A

Refers to a speaker laying out points and a listener coming to a conclusion.

56
Q

Informal Register

A

A casual way of speaking used in settings with family and friends.

57
Q

Language Interference

A

Information that a student uses from his 1st language that does not exist in the 2nd language.

Example: subjects can be left out in Spanish.

58
Q

Minimal Pairs

A

Are phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish.

Examples: save / safe and pass / path.

59
Q

Morphology

A

The study of forms of words including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.

Example: bicycles has 3 morphemes bi-cycle-s.

60
Q

Overt Inflectional Suffix

A

Comes at the end of a word and does not change the part of speech.

Example: cat(s)

61
Q

Partative Expression

A

Indicates a part or quantity of something as distinct from a whole.

Example: All you need is faith and trust … and a little bit of pixie dust.

62
Q

Segmentation

A

Is a strategy to develop phonemic awareness.

63
Q

Structural Affixes

A

This is not a type of affix, there is no such thing.

64
Q

Style discourse

A

Is argumentation where one or more parties support their ideas or opinions.

65
Q

Esposition discourse

A

Talking that is used to explain.

66
Q

Syntax

A

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Old FTCE ESOL (9 decks)

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