LL Language as a System Flashcards
Orthography
The spelling patterns of language. Ortho means the breaking down words.
Examples are crime - slime or hate - gate.
Discourse Markers
Are words or phrases that connect the different parts of writing or speech.
Examples are firstly, meanwhile, too, also, likewise, or however.
Meronyms
Are words that are part of a more general term.
An example is pants would be zipper or cuff.
Connector
A word that relates words, phrases, or clauses to each other.
Examples are if, so that, therefore, or however.
Antonyms
Are words with the opposite meanings.
Examples are hot / cold or big / little.
False Cognates
Are words from different languages that look and sound alike, but have different meanings.
Homonyms
Are words that share the same spelling or pronunciation, but have different meanings.
An example is fly because birds and planes fly.
Syntax
The ordering of words.
Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle
The relationship between symbols ( i.e. letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write.
Inflectional Affix
A type of affix that changes the form of the root or base word.
An example is “ed” changes the work into the past tense.
Uncountable Noun
Examples are water, love, safety.
Hyponyms
Are words that fall under a more general term.
Example are clothes are shirt/pants.
Discourse
The function of language in a social context
Affix
Are prefixes or suffixes that change root word’s meaning.
Bound Morpheme
Is a type of morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger word.
Semantics
Is the study of word or symbol meaning.
Syllable Awareness and Syllable Segmentation
The ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words
Prefix
Is at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning.
Examples are: re, de, or un.
Suffix
A letter or letters at the end of a root word that changes its meaning.
Examples are s, es, ing, ly, or tion.
Varying Labels
There are multiple ways to refer to the same thing.
Examples are: dress / jumper or sneakers / shoes.
Phonology
Is a systematic organization of sounds in languages.
Derivational Affix
Is an affix that changes the root or base word into a new word.
Pragmatics
Is the study of language in use not in structure or appropriate use . It is the socially constructed rules of people interaction.
Register
The degree of formality with which one speaks
Phoneme
The smallest individual sounds in a word.
Example: BIT would be -b -i -t
-b
-i
-t
Synonyms
Are words with the same or a similar meaning.
Example: angry/mad, s, es, ed, ing, ly, er, or.
Language Register
the degree of formality with which one speaks
Formal Register
A proper way of speaking used in professional and academic settings.
Countable Nouns
Nouns that have a quantity that can be determined using numbers.
Examples are potatoes or cars.
Morphology
The study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
Idiom
A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.
Examples are break a leg or its raining cats and dogs.
Morpheme
Is a combination of sounds that has meaning and can not be broken down further.
Examples: write, laugh, and box.
Determiner
Are words that provide information about nouns and are vital for forming meaningful language.
Example: a, an, the, this, that.
Phonetics
The sounds of human speech.
Language Acquisition
The process by which individuals learn a language.
Minimal Pairs
Phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish.
Informal Register
A casual way of speaking used in settings with family and friends.
Free Morpheme / Unbound Morpheme
Morpheme that can stand alone or can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme.
Language Function
The different uses of a particular language.
Example: an advertisement is used to persuade.
Root
Base words to which prefixes, suffixes, and syllables can be added.
Onomatopeia
Is the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.
Examples are pitter patter or zap clap.
Abstract noun
Is an idea, quality, or state rather than concrete object.
Aspect
Are words that determine if the statement is referring to a single action or repeated action.
Example: will have talked vs will be talking.
Clauses
A group of words that contain both a subject and a predicate.
Coherence
A strong main idea where each sentence leads to the next.
Cohesion
Ties or joins sentences together.
Conjunction
Join together sentences, clauses, phrases or words.
Cultural assimilation
Where the minority culture comes to resemble a society’s majority group with their
values, behaviors, and beliefs.
Digraphs
Are two letters that make a single sound.
Example: ch, th, wh, and sh.
Elision vs contractraction
Easy to confuse. Both function to reduce clumsiness by shortening words or phrases and both use apostrophes.
Free & Unbound Morphone
A type of morpheme that stands alone, and can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme. The lexeme is the meaning underlying in words.
Examples: the, run, on, keyboard, greenhouse.
graphophonemic
The ability to match up graphemes to phonemes within individual words. The letter with the sound.
Idiom
A phrase or expression that does not mean the same as the literal words.
Example: It’s raining cats and dogs.
Inductive Discourse
Uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion, but the conclusion could be false.
Inferential Discourse
Refers to a speaker laying out points and a listener coming to a conclusion.
Informal Register
A casual way of speaking used in settings with family and friends.
Language Interference
Information that a student uses from his 1st language that does not exist in the 2nd language.
Example: subjects can be left out in Spanish.
Minimal Pairs
Are phonemes that are similar and difficult to distinguish.
Examples: save / safe and pass / path.
Morphology
The study of forms of words including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech.
Example: bicycles has 3 morphemes bi-cycle-s.
Overt Inflectional Suffix
Comes at the end of a word and does not change the part of speech.
Example: cat(s)
Partative Expression
Indicates a part or quantity of something as distinct from a whole.
Example: All you need is faith and trust … and a little bit of pixie dust.
Segmentation
Is a strategy to develop phonemic awareness.
Structural Affixes
This is not a type of affix, there is no such thing.
Style discourse
Is argumentation where one or more parties support their ideas or opinions.
Esposition discourse
Talking that is used to explain.
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.
