Living standards, 1945-89 Flashcards

1
Q

What state was housing in after the war?

A

1/5 of all housing had been bombed flat, and one 1/3 of housing still standing was damaged.

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2
Q

What was set up to oversee rebuilding of housing?

A

A ministry of housing

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3
Q

How did the government deal with the housing crisis in the late 40s and early 50s?

A
  • Rents were frozen
  • The building industry was given tax concessions to build.
  • Housing associations were set up to build homes - some of which were state-run for social housing or for workers in state-run industries such as Volkswagen. Others were privately run.
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4
Q

What evidence is there of a rising living standard by 1963?

A

63% of homes had a fridge, 42% had a TV and 36% had a washing machine.

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5
Q

What evidence is there of a rising living standard by 1985?

A

82% of homes had a fridge and 87% had a washing machine.

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6
Q

What happened to real wages throughout the period?

A

They kept ahead of prices

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7
Q

What proportion of people were covered by benefits and healthcare by the 1980s?

A

90%

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8
Q

What reforms were there in the 1980s?

A

Pension reforms meaning that most people received a state pension.

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9
Q

What happened to people’s lifespan?

A

It increased. In 1980, people lived on average 12 years longer than in 1950.

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10
Q

What happened to social inequality?

A

It deepened

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11
Q

What is evidence of social inequality having deepened during the 1960s?

A

1% of all households owned 35% of the wealth.

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