***Allied Occupation, 1945-49 Flashcards
What governing body oversaw the four zones of occupation from 1945-49?
The Allied Control Council (ACC)
What had happened to food consumption?
It had dropped to between 950 and 1150 calories per day.
What state was housing in after bombing campaigns?
20% had been completely destroyed and 30% badly damaged.
What had happened to infrastructure and industries?
Badly damaged / broken down; the nation was also in huge debt.
What did the USA introduce from 1948?
Marshall Aid to the western zones to re-boost the European economy.
What happened to the currency?
In 1948 the Deutschmark was introduced.
What did Stalin do in 1947?
Withdrew the USSR from the ACC.
How many people were arrested through de-Nazification by the end of 1946?
250,000
Why was de-Nazification difficult?
- There were problems with classifying who was a Nazi since many had joined the party to keep their jobs but they did not have Nazi sympathies.
- It was possible for more involved Nazis to remove themselves from the record.
- Problems due to the large scale of the process.
What did the Allies do in May 1946?
They banned Nazi schoolbooks, films and slides that taught Nazi racial theory.
What happened to ex-Nazi teachers?
Teachers were vetted to weed out Nazis at universities and teacher training institutes. Libraries had to go through a similar process.
How was de-Nazification carried out differently in the different zones?
The USSR were more ruthless in weeding out Nazis whereas the British were more pragmatic in accepting that they would have to employ ex-Nazis in order for the government to work.
During 1945-49, what did US opinion polls suggest about the public reaction to de-Nazification?
That 50% to 67% of those asked thought it was necessary.
What percentage of the population thought de-Nazification was necessary in 1951?
Only 25%
When did the first of the Nuremberg Trials take place?
18 October 1945
