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Living connections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Consists of the skeletal system

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2
Q

Skeletal system

A

Consists of the bones and joints

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle system

A

Voluntary or striated muscle

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4
Q

Skeleton

A

The bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

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5
Q

Bones

A

The pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

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6
Q

Bone marrow

A

A substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

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7
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints

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8
Q

Calcium

A

An element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates

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9
Q

Phosphorus

A

A substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body

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10
Q

Minerals

A

Any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

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11
Q

Ossification

A

Hardening of bones

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12
Q

Brittle

A

Breaks easily into many pieces

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13
Q

Ligaments

A

Band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

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14
Q

Joint

A

Region where two bones meet

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15
Q

Synovial fluid

A

The liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

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16
Q

Pivot joint

A

Joint that allows a twisting movement

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17
Q

Hinge joints

A

Joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

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18
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

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19
Q

Immovable joints

A

Joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

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20
Q

Muscles

A

Tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

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21
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Muscles not under the control of the will

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22
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

Muscle attached to bones

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23
Q

Tendons

A

Tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

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24
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

A break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

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25
Q

Fracture

A

A break in a bone

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26
Q

Stem cells

A

Undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

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27
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

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28
Q

Sprains

A

Injury caused by tearing a ligament

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29
Q

Arthritis

A

A condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

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30
Q

Tennis elbow

A

An injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

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31
Q

Torn hamstrings

A

A common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle

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32
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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33
Q

Leucocytes

A

White blood cells

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34
Q

Plasma

A

The yellowish, liquid part of blood that contains water, minerals, food and wastes from cells

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35
Q

Red blood cells

A

Living cells in the blood that transport oxygen to all other living cells in the body

36
Q

Haemoglobin

A

The red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen

37
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

Haemoglobin with oxygen molecules attached

38
Q

White blood cells

A

Lliving cells that fight bacteria and viruses as part of the human body’s immune system

39
Q

Platelets

A

Small bodies involved in blood clotting. They are responsible for healing by clumping together around a wound.

40
Q

Circulatory system

A

The body system that circulates oxygen in blood to all the cells of the body

41
Q

Arteries

A

Hollow tubes with thick walls carrying blood pumped from the heart to other body parts

42
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They have valves and thinner walls than arteries.

43
Q

Capillaries

A

Minute tubes carrying blood to body cells. Every cell of the body is supplied with blood through capillaries.

44
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Describes the bright red blood that has been supplied

with oxygen in the lungs

45
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Describes blood from which some oxygen has been

removed

46
Q

Vena cava

A

Large vein leading into the top right chamber of the

heart

47
Q

Left atrium

A

Upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

48
Q

Right atrium

A

Upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

49
Q

Left ventricle

A

Lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

50
Q

Right ventricle

A

Lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

51
Q

Valves

A

Flap-like folds in the lining of a blood vessel or other hollow organ that allow a liquid, such as blood, to flow in one direction only

52
Q

‘lub dub

A

The sound made by the heart valves as they close

53
Q

Blood pressure

A

Measures how strongly the blood is pumped through the body’s main arteries

54
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The higher blood pressure reading during contraction of the heart muscles

55
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The lower blood pressure reading during relaxation of the heart muscles

56
Q

Heartbeat

A

Contraction of the heart muscle occurring about 60–100 times per minute

57
Q

Pulse

A

Alternating contraction and expansion of arteries due to the pumping of blood by the heart

58
Q

Pacemaker

A

Electronic device inserted in the chest to keep the heart beating regularly at the correct rate

59
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Special kind of muscle in the heart that never tires. It is involved in pumping blood through the heart.

60
Q

Oxygen

A

A gas in the air that animals need to breathe in

61
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP

62
Q

Glucose

A

A simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

63
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

A gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis

64
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

65
Q

Respiratory system

A

The body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells

66
Q

Trachea

A

Narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

67
Q

Lungs

A

The organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

68
Q

Bronchi

A

The narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles

69
Q

Bronchioles

A

Small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

70
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes.

71
Q

Diaphragm

A

Flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

72
Q

Vital capacity

A

The largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

73
Q

Breathing

A

Movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave

74
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of wastes from the body

75
Q

Skin

A

External covering of an animal body

76
Q

Lungs

A

The organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

77
Q

Liver

A

The liver secretes bile for digestion of fats, builds proteins from amino acids

78
Q

Kidneys

A

Body organs that filter the blood, removing urea and other wastes

79
Q

Nephrons

A

The filtration and excretory units of the kidney

80
Q

Ureters

A

Tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder

81
Q

Bladder

A

Sac that stores urine

82
Q

Urine

A

Yellowish liquid, produced in the kidneys

83
Q

Urination

A

Passing of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

84
Q

Urethra

A

Tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder to the outside of the body

85
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

A cup-like structure at one end of a nephron within the kidney, surrounding the glomerulus

86
Q

Glomerulus

A

A cluster of capillaries in the kidney that acts as a filter to remove wastes and excess water

Science (9 decks)

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