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Science > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

Igneons

A

Rocks that come from lava and magma

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2
Q

Magma

A

Magma is liquid rock that has not reached the surface

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3
Q

Lava

A

A hot liquid that comes out of volcanoes

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4
Q

Extrusive

A

Rocks that have exited out of the volcano

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5
Q

Intrusive

A

Rocks or lava that stay in the volcano

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6
Q

Mineral

A

It is a solid

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7
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer part of the earth considering the crust and the upper mantle

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8
Q

Asthenosphere

A

The upper layer of the earth’s mantle

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9
Q

Crystal

A

A rock from volcanos

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10
Q

Limestone

A

Limestone are sedimentary rock that is formed from deposits of the remains of sea organisms

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11
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

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12
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains.

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13
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

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14
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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15
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

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16
Q

Glaciers

A

Bodies of ice called

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17
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

18
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

19
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

20
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from the particles of sediments

21
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up

22
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

23
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rocks formed from another rock that has been under heat or pressure

24
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

25
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

26
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

27
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil

28
Q

Open-cut mining

A

Mining that finds out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

29
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

30
Q

Stone Age

A

Was a prehistoric period during which stone was widely used.

31
Q

Alloy

A

A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements

32
Q

Flint

A

A piece of flint used with steel to produce an igniting spark

33
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A method of forming a flint tool by striking flakes from a stone core with another stone

34
Q

Folding

A

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

35
Q

Paleontologists

A

A scientist who studies fossils

36
Q

Relative age

A

The age of a rock compared to another rock

37
Q

Carnivores

A

Animal that eats other animals

38
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that eat dead plant and animal material

39
Q

Mould

A

A cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism

40
Q

Trace fossils

A

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints

41
Q

Extinct

A

It describes volcanoes that are no longer active

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