living anatomy lower limb sdl Flashcards
The round shape of the gluteal region is due to what muscle?
The gluteus maximus
What does the gluteal marks signify?
The inferior border of the gluteus maximus
The border between the gluteal region and the posterior compartment of the thigh
In what individuals can you see the muscles and tendons underlining the skin of the posterior thigh?
Toned individuals
How can the muscles and tendons be palpated?
Ask the patient to contrat the muscle of interest against resistance
Which 3 of the quadricep muscles are visible in the anterior surface of the thigh?
The vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and rectus femoris
Why is bony landmarks important in physical examination and surgery?
To be able to evaluate normal development
Detect and access fractures/dislocations
Locate blood vessels and nerve
What are the attachments of the iliac crest?
From the ASIS to the PSIS
Why is it hard to palpate the PSIS?
it is surrounded by fat
How can the PSIS be located?
It can be located by permanent skin diples that are lateral to the midline.
They are formed by the overlining fascia attached to the PSIS
At what level does the line joining the permanent skin diples pass? What structures does it intersect?
Passess through the S2 spinous process.
Run through the midlien of the sacroiliac joint and also the bifurcation of the iliac arteries
What structure termiantes at the level of S2?
The lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord
What is the supracristal plane?
A line joining the highest points of the iliac crest passing through the intervertebral discs between L4 and L5
What clinical procedure is the landmarks for intervertebral disc between L4 and L5 be useful for?
Lumbar puncture
What bone of the leg can be palpated at all times?
The tibia can be palpated at all times
what surface of the tibia is it most prominant and why?
The anteromedial surface of the tibia is most prominant because it is only covered by skin and thin layer of subcutaneous fat
Where is the femoral triangle?
Anterior surface of the thigh
What would be the use of access of the femoral artery for a interventional radiologist?
To be able to access the arterial system and insert a catheter or stent into any part of the body including the coronary and carotid arteries
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Superiorly is the inguinal ligament
Laterally is the sartorius
Medially is adductor longus
What makes up the floor and roof of the femoral triangle?
roof is fascia lata and skin
Floor
Medially is pectineus and adductor longus
Laterally is iliopsoas
Content of the femoral triangle? Lateral to medial
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery –> most superfecial
Femoral vein
Inguinal lymph nodes
Where is the popliteal fossa?
Posteiror to the knee
What are the borders of the popiteal fossa?
Superomedially: Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus
Superolaterally: Long head of Bicep femoris
Inferomedially: Is medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolaterally: Lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris
From superficial to deep what are the structures within the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve Popliteal vein Popliteal artery Small sphaenous vein Common fibular nerve Lymph nodes
Where is the common fibular nerve found:?
It wraps around the neck of the fibula.
Palpate the head of the fibula and then move inferiroly where you can feel the common fibular nerve wrapped around the neck.
