Leg SDL Flashcards
What is acute osteomyelitis?
It is bone infection usually caused by bacteria.
Often occurs after injury, infection or underlining cause.
where in the lower limb is it common to get acute osteomyelitis?
Upper part of the tibial shaft
What is the most common long bone that is prone to fracture or a compound injury?
The tibia
Why is the tibia commonly fractures or suffers compound injury?
The shaft of the tibia is in subcutaneous and unprotected anteromedially and relatively slender in the lower 1/3rds.
What is a compound injury?
A injury where the bone pierces the skin
Why is the tibia a good sight for doing bone graft?
Due to the extensive subcutaneous surface of the tibia it is a accessible donor site for bone grafts
what is the function of the interosseous membranes?
It is a fibrous joint that connects the tibia and the fibula
It seperates the anterior and posterior muscle compartments.
It also acts as attachment sites for muscles.
There are two foramina in the interosseous membrane, what are there functions?
The top foramina the anterior tibial vessels pass through.
The bottom foramina the perforating branches of femoral artery passess through
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorium longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
What is the function of a retinaculum?
It is a connective tissue that passess over a group of tendos.
Function is to keep these tendons in place.
What is the main function of the anterior compartment of the leg?
They are extensors of the joint
What is the most medial muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg?
The tibialis anterior
What is the main function of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle
Does tibialis anterior assist with inversion or eversion of the foot?
Inversion
What are the attachments of the extrinsic muscles of the toes?
There proximal attachment is on the leg and distal attachment in the foot unlike intrinsic where both attachments are in the foot.
Which of the anterior compartment muscles are extrinsic extensors of the toe?
Extensor digitorium longus
Extensor hallicus longus
what is the positioning of fibularis tertius?
It is deep and lateral to extensor hallicus brevis and longus
Not present in all individuals
What muscle do you have to retract to see the anterior tibial artery?
The extensor digitorium longus
What is the route of anterior tibial artery?
Terminal branch of the popliteal artery. It goes from the posterior to anterior compartment of the leg through the top hiatus of the interosseous membrane.
What muscles form the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis
Describe the positioning of fibularis longus and brevis?
They are tightly invested in the deep fascia and the tendon run posteriorly to lateral malleolus
What is the consequence of damage of the superfecial fibular nerve?
The dorsiflexion muscles no longer inervated so you get foot drop. This causes alteration in foot gait
Also you lose sensation in the lateral part of leg and dorsal part of foot
What seperates the deep and superficial sub compartments of the leg?
Transverse inter muscular septum
What nerve and vessel are found within the deep sub compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery and the tibial nerve
What muscles make up the deep sub compartment of the leg?
Popliteus
Flexor digitorium longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
What muslce are within the superfecial sub compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius ( lateral and medial head)
Saleous
Plantaris
Where do the Flexor digitorium longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior tendons run in the foot?
Behind medial malleolus
What other structures run behind the medial malleolus?
The posterior tibial artery
The tibial nerve
What is the position of the tendons of Flexor digitorium longus, Flexor hallucis longus, Tibialis posterior tendons,posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve behind medial malleolus? From anterior to posterior
Tom Dick and nervous Harry
Most anterior is tibialis posterior Flexor digitorium longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallicus longus
