Foot sdl

Question 1

What are the attachments of posterior talofibular ligament?

Answer 1

The malleolar fossa to the lateral tubercle of the talus

Question 2

What is the attchments of the anteiror talofibular ligament?

Answer 2

From the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus

Question 3

What is the attachments of the calcaneofibular ligament?

Answer 3

From the tip of the lateral malleolus to the calcaneus

Question 4

What movements occur at the subtalar joint?

Answer 4

Inversion and eversion occurs

Question 5

What is pes planus?

Answer 5

Flat foot, do not have the arches

Question 6

What is the dynamic and passive support of the transverse arch?

Answer 6

Tendons of tibialis posterior and fibularis longus

Passive support is the shape of the bones especially the wedged shaped cuneiforms

Question 7

What is the dynamic and pasive support of the longituidinal arches?

Answer 7

Dynamic is all the intrinsic muscles and flexor digitorum longus and flexor digitorum halluces longus

Passive support is plantar aponeurosis and ligaments

Question 8

What is the innervation of the skin on the dorsal side of the foot?

Answer 8

Majority is supplied by the superfecial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve between the big toe and medial half of the 2nd toe.

Sural nerve small surface on lateral side

Upper medial surface next to ankle is supplied by saphenous nerve as a continuation of supplying the medial side of the thigh

Question 9

What is the nerve supply of extensor digitorum/hallucis brevis?

Answer 9

Deep fibular nerve S1,S2

Question 10

How many layers are there in the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What is the function of planter aponeurosis?

Answer 11

It protects deep structures in the sole,

Supports the longitduinal arch in passive support

Provides a spring for the foot while walking

Question 12

What muscles are in the first layer of the plantar side of the foot?

Answer 12

Flexor digitorum longus
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

Question 13

What musces are in the second layer of the foot (plantar surface)

Answer 13

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

Question 14

What musces are in the third layer of the foot (plantar surface?

Answer 14

Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
Adductor hallucis

Question 15

What is the attachment, function and inervation of quadratus plantae?

Answer 15

Attachments is from the calcaneal tuberosity too the tendons of FDL.
Innervated by the lateral plantar nerve S1,2,3

Action is flexion of the lateral 4 toes aiding FDL

Question 16

What is the attachment, function and inervation of lumbricals?

Answer 16

Medial border of the FDL so 1st lumbrical assoicated with the 2nd toe etc

Insert onto the extensor hood and proximal phalanges of the lateral 4 toes

Innervation of 1st lumbrical is medial plantar nerve S1,2,3
the rest is Lateral plantar nerve S1,2,3

Flexion of the metatarsophalngeal joint and extension of the interphalangeal joint

Question 17

Describe the skin innervation of the planter aspect of the foot?

Answer 17

Over the heal it is medial calcaneal nerve

Lateral near the heal is the sural nerve

Medial aspect of the foot a small part is the saphenous nerve
Majority of the front part of the medial 3 and 1/2 digits is supplied by the medial plantar nerve

Lateral 1 and 1/2 digits of the toes is supplied by the lateral plantar nerves

Question 18

What is the fourth muscle layer of the plantar side of the foot?

Answer 18

Plantar and dorsal interosseis

Question 19

What is the action of the interosseis of the foot?

Answer 19

The plantar do adduction
The dorsal do abduction

The abduct or adduct about an axis which passess along the second toe,

Question 20

How many plantar and dorsal interosseis is there?

Answer 20

4 dorsal and 3 plantar `

Question 21

What is attachments, inervation and action of dorsal interosseis?

Answer 21

Attachments are adjacent metatarsals too proximal phalanges of 2-4. Interosseis 2 and 3 attach to either side of 3 toe

Innervation is by the lateral plantar nerve S2,3 but 1 and 2 are also supplied by deep fibula nerve S2,3

Action is abduction of toes 2-4 and flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 22

What is attachments, inervation and action of plantar interosseis?

Answer 22

Attachments are base of metatarsals 3-5 too proximal phalanges of 3-5.

Innvervation is the lateral plantar nerve S2,3

Action is adduction of the lateral 3 toes and flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 23

What is the blood supply to the sole of the foot?

Answer 23

The posterior tibial artery runs posteriorly to the medial malleolus and through the tarsal tunnel and bifuracates into the lateral and medial plantart arteries.

Medial plantar arteries is the small of the two and mainly supplies the deep muscles of the great toe

While the lateral plantar arteries supplies the rest of the foot.

The dorsalis pedis artery gives off a branch called deep plantar artery that anastomoses with the lateral plantar artery to form the deep plantar arch –> give rise to plantar metatarsal arteries, three perforating artiers