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Alimentary System > Liver structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

name the 2 major lobes of the liver

A

left and right

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2
Q

name the two minor lobes of the liver

A

caudate and quadrate

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3
Q

what does the porta provide entry and exit for?

A

> blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
ducts
nerves

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4
Q

what two ducts form the common bile duct?

A

common hepatic and cystic duct

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5
Q

what is the bare area of the liver surrounded by?

A

the coronary ligament

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6
Q

what is the portal triad?

A

> hepatic portal vein
hepatic portal artery
hepatic duct

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7
Q

what does blood from the alimentary canal drain into?

A

hepatic portal vein

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8
Q

what does the hepatic portal vein join with to form hepatic sinusoids which create the hepatic vein?

A

the hepatic artery

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9
Q

what is the function of hepatocytes?

A

> bile synthesis
nutrient storage
nutrient interconversion
detoxification

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10
Q

what bile pigment is extracted from blood by hepatocytes?

A

bilirubin

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11
Q

what bile is yellow?

A

bilirubin

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12
Q

what sort of bile pigments is excreted in yellow urine?

A

reabsorbed bilirubin

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13
Q

how is bilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes excreted?

A

in brown faeces

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14
Q

what are bile acids synthesised from?

A

cholesterol

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15
Q

how are bile acids turned into bile salts?

A

they are conjugated with glycine/tourine before secretion

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16
Q

how are secreted bile salts recycled?

A

via the enterohepatic circulation

17
Q

what are the three layers in the wall of the gallbladder?

A

> mucosa
muscularis
serosa

18
Q

what does the sphincter of oddi control?

A

release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

19
Q

what is the effect of fats in the duodenum on the sphincter of oddi and gall bladder?

A

the release of cck causes the sphincter of oddi to relax and the gall bladder to contract

20
Q

what is the effect of secretin released by duodenum due to influx of acid (summary)?

A

> decrease in gastric acid secretion
decrease in gastric emptying
increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion
increase in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
increase in bile duct bicarbonate

21
Q

what is the effect of cck released due to fat in the duodenum?

A

> decreased gastric emptying
increased enzyme secretion
gall bladder contraction
relaxation of the sphincter of oddi

Alimentary System (33 decks)

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