Hepatobiliary Pathology Flashcards
what is liver failure a complication of?
acute or chronic liver injury
what can cause acute liver injury?
> hepatitis
> bile duct obstruction
describe the pathology of viral hepatitis
there is inflammation of the liver that causes cell damage and death of individual liver cells
what may be the outcome of acute inflammation of the liver caused by viral hepatitis?
> resolution
liver failure if damage is severe
progression to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis
what is the response of the liver to excess alcohol?
alcoholic liver disease, there is a fatty change and acute inflammation leading to liver cell death and liver failure.
what can alcoholic hepatitis progress to?
cirrhosis
what causes jaundice?
increased circulating bilirubin from altered metabolism of bilirubin
describe the pre-hepatic metabolism of bilirubin
> haemoglobin is split in the spleen into haem and globin
> haem is converted to bilirubin and released into the circulation
in the hepatic stage of bilirubin metabolism what happens to the bilirubin in hepatocytes?
it is conjugated then excreted into the biliary system
describe the post hepatic pathway of bilirubin metabolism
> transport through the biliary system
bilirubin conjugate is broken down in the intestine
bilirubin is then reabsorbed
what is the cause of pre-hepatic jaundice?
increased release of haemoglobin form red blood cells
what are causes of hepatic jaundice?
> cholestasis
> intra-hepatic bile duct obstruction
what is cholestasis?
accumulation of bile within hepatocytes or bile canaliculi
what can cause cholestasis?
> viral hepatitis
alcoholic hepatitis
liver failure
drugs
what is the difference between predictable and non-predictable drug induced cholestasis?
predictable is dose related and unpredictable is not dose related