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Alimentary System > Gastric Secretion > Flashcards

Gastric Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

mucus

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2
Q

what do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

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3
Q

what do parietal cells secrete?

A

> HCL

> intrinsic factor

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4
Q

what is the cellular composition of gastric glands?

A

> mucous neck cells
chief cells
parietal cells

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5
Q

what are the three mechanisms which control gastric acid secretion?

A

> neurocrine (vagus reflex)
endocrine (gastrin)
paracrine (histamine)

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6
Q

in the celiac phase for stimulating gastric acid secretion what 3 things act on parietal cells?

A

> acetylcholine from vagus nerve
gastrin from g-cells
histamine from ECL cells

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7
Q

what activates the vagus nerve in the celiac phase of stimulating gastric acid secretion?

A

sight, smell and taste of food

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8
Q

what stimulates the ECL cells to produce histamine I the celiac phase of gastric acid secretion?

A

gastrin and acetylcholine

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9
Q

in the gastric phase what activates the vagal/enteric reflexes?

A

distension of the stomach (arrival of food)

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10
Q

what activates G-cells to produce gastrin in the gastric phase?

A

peptides in the lumen

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11
Q

what activates ECL cells to produce histamine in the gastric phase?

A

gastrin and acetylcholine

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12
Q

in the gastric phase what cells does ACh, gastrin and histamine work on?

A

parietal cells

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13
Q

what inhibits gastric secretion in the cephalic phase?

A

cessation of eating which causes a decrease in vagal activity

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14
Q

what mechanisms inhibit gastric secretion in the gastric phase?

A

a decrease in pH creates a decrease in gastrin production

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15
Q

in the intestinal phase what is the effect of acid in the duodenum?

A

enterogastric (splanchnic reflex) and secretin release

= decrease in gastrin secretion and gastrin stimulation of parietal cells

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16
Q

what is released in response to fat in the duodenum?

A

GIP

17
Q

what is the effect of gastrin release?

A

gastrin secretion and parietal HCl secretion

18
Q

name some enterogastrones

A

> secretin, cholecystokinin, GIP

19
Q

what releases enterogastrones?

A

gland cells in the duodenal mucosa

20
Q

what are enterogastrones released in response to?

A 
> acid
> hypertonic solutions
> fatty acids
> monoglycerides
in the duodenum
21
Q

what to enterogastrones work to prevent?

A

further acid build up in the duodenum

22
Q

what two strategies do enterogastrones use to prevent acid build up in the duodenum?

A

> inhibition of gastric secretion

> reduced gastric emptying (inhibition of motility/contraction of pyloric sphincter)

23
Q

what secretes pepsinogen?

A

chief cells

24
Q

what is zymogen?

A

inactive precursor to pepsinogen that prevents cellular digestion

25
Q

what inactivates pepsinogen?

A

neutral pH

26
Q

what produces gastric mucus?

A

surface epithelial cells and mucus neck cells

27
Q

what does mucus protect the surface from?

A

> mechanical injury
gastric acid corrosion
pepsin digestion

28
Q

what is the only non-compensated function of the stomach?

A

intrinsic factor secretion

29
Q

what is intrinsic factor required for?

A

vit. b12 absorption

30
Q

what can a defect in vit. 12 absorption lead to?

A

pernicious anaemia - failure of erythrocytes maturation

31
Q

describe how carbonic acid is created in gastric glands

A

co2 enters the cell and combines with h2o creating carbonic acid.

32
Q

what channel is H+ ion pumped out through?

A

potassium channel into the lumen

33
Q

what membrane is carbonate pumped out of?

A

the basolateral membrane

34
Q

how does water enter the lumen of the stomach?

A

through the para-cellular pathway

35
Q

describe what happens in the cell when gastrin binds to it’s g protein coupled receptor

A

the activation of the receptor causes a rise in calcium that activates protein kinase that causes an increase in H ions being pumped by the proton pump into the stomach lumen

36
Q

describe the histamine receptor used in gastric secretion control

A

it is a unique g protein coupled receptor: H2

37
Q

what do prostaglandins inhibit when they bind to receptors of the stomach?

A

cAMP

38
Q

what is the effect of prostaglandin binding to their receptors in the activity of the proton pump?

A

it causes decreased activity of the proton pump

Alimentary System (33 decks)

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