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GI System > Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major and minor lobes on the liver?

A

Right & Left

Caudate & Quadrate

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2
Q

What lobe is situated beside the gallbladder?

A

Quadrate

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3
Q

Where do all vessels enter the liver?

A

The porta on the inferior surface

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4
Q

What two ducts lead into the common bile duct?

A

The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (Coming from the gallbladder)

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5
Q

What is the opening called that the Sphincter of Oddi is situated at, to enter the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papilla

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6
Q

What is important about the coronary ligament?

A

It joins the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the VC attaches to the liver by it

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7
Q

What covers the liver histologically?

A

Connective tissue capsule and visceral peritoenum except for the bare area

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8
Q

Where is the bare area found?

A

Diaphragmatic surface of the liver surrounded by the coronary ligament

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9
Q

What happens to connective tissue capsule at the porta?

A

It branches into a network of septa into the body of the liver

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10
Q

How are septa divided?

A

Into hexagonal lobess with the central vein at the middle and the portal triad being located at each corner of the lobules

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11
Q

What do the central veins drain into?

A

Hepatic veins

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12
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Common bile duct

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13
Q

What radiates out from the central veins and what are they made of?

A

Hepatic cords

Hepatocytes

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14
Q

What is the name for the space between these hepatic cords?

A

Hepatic sinusoids

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15
Q

What lies between cells within each cord?

A

Bile canaliculus (Cleft-like lumen)

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16
Q

What are sinusoids and what do they allow?

A

Open blood channels - Discontinuous capillaries to allow bile to flow into the open channels

17
Q

What carries oxygen depleted blood to the central veins?

A

Sinusoids

18
Q

Where is excess carbohydrate stored in the liver?

A

Hepatocytes

19
Q

What is excess protein converted to if there is too much of it?

A

Fat

20
Q

How are Lead and Cadmium detoxified?

A

They are dumped into the bile so they will eventually be excreted

21
Q

What is the alimentary role of the liver?

A

Production and secretion of bile

22
Q

What are the 6 components of bile?

A 
Bile acids
Lecitihin 
Cholesterol
Bile pigments - Bilirubin
Toxic metals
Bicarbonate 
*Bicarbonate is the only one secreted by duct cells; other 5 are by hepatocytes
23
Q

What happens to bile pigments?

A

They are broken down from haemoglobin
Bilirubin is then secreted into bile
Bilirubin is modified by bacteria make it dark in colour - hence dark faeces
Reabsorbed Bilirubin is excreted in urine

24
Q

How are secreted bile salts recycled?

A

Via enterohepatic circulation

25
Q

Where are bile acids synthesised and how is their solubility increased?

A

In the liver from cholesterol

Conjugated with glycine or taurine

26
Q

What is the structure of the gallbladder and where is it situated?

A

Saccular

Inferior surface found beside the quadrate lobe

27
Q

What are the three layers in the wall of the gallbladder?

A

Mucosa - Folded so allows for rugae
Muscularis
Serosa

28
Q

Where do material from the gallbladder flow?

A

To cystic duct and then the common bile duct

29
Q

What is the function of the Sphincter of Oddi?

A

To control release of bile and pancreatic juice at the Major duodenal papilla

30
Q

What does fat in the duodenum causes?

A

CCK release causing the sphincter of oddi to relax and the gallbladder to contract

31
Q

What does bile in the duodenum cause?

A

Fat solubilisation

32
Q

What controls gastric emptying?

A

Pyloric sphincter and increased CCK levels stimulates the decrease of this emptying

GI System (38 decks)

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