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GI System > Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand Tour of the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main functions of the Digestive System?

A

Digestion - Materials broken down
Secretion - Entities going into circulation
Absorption - Entities being carried across the GI Tract
Motility - Entities moving down the canal towards the anus

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2
Q

What goes into the oral cavity to aid digestion?

A

Saliva

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3
Q

What acts as a valve for the oesophagus from the mouth?

A

Upper Oesophageal Sphincter made of a thickened muscular ring?

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4
Q

What are the functions of the Stomach?

A

Protein digestion
Foodstuff reduced to liquid form
Storage
Sterilisation

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5
Q

Is secretion heavy in the stomach and why?

A

Yes - To help form a slurry

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6
Q

What is Dumping Syndrome?

A

When food bypasses the stomach and enters the small intestine undigested

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7
Q

What is the main role of the Pancreas?

A

To produce digestive enzymes for fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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8
Q

What does the Liver do?

A

Produces Bile salts for digestion

Absorption of fats in the Small Intestine

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9
Q

What does the Gallbladder do?

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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10
Q

What in the role of the Small Intestine?

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absoprtion

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11
Q

What are the main functions of the Large Intestine?

A

Water absorption
Bacterial Fermentation
Faeces formation

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12
Q

What are the four layers of the Alimentary canal wall?

A

Mucosa - Inner layer (Epithelium, Lamina Propria & Muscularis Mucosae)
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serous/Adventitia

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13
Q

What type of epithelium line the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

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14
Q

What type of epithelium line the stomach and intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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15
Q

What is the lamina propria made of?

A

loose connective tissue - Glands & Blood/Lymph vessels

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16
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae made of?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

17
Q

What is the submucosa made of and where are they found?

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and neurones
Found in the oesophagus and duodenum

18
Q

What are the two layers of the muscularis externa made of?

A

Inner layer is circular and constricts the lumen

Outer layer is longitudinal and shortens the tube

19
Q

Can Peristalsis and Segmentation occur at the same time?

A

No

20
Q

What has independent control of gut function and what it is made up of?

A

Enteric Nervous System (ENS) - Submucosal and Myenteric plexuses

21
Q

What does the Serosa/Adventitia attach the oesophagus and rectum to?

A

Surrounding structures

22
Q

What does the serosa surround in the peritoneum?

A

Stomach and the entirety of the intestine

23
Q

What nerve carries parasympathetic signals and are these inhibitory/stimulatory?

A

Vague nerve
Stimulatory
Increase secretion and motility

24
Q

What nerve carries sympathetic signals and are these inhibitory/stimulatory?

A

Splanchic nerve
Inhibitory
Decreased secretion and motility

25
Q

What are the main arteries of the GI Tract and where do they branch off?

A

Coeliac trunk - T12
Superior mesenteric artery - L1
Inferior mesenteric artery - L3

26
Q

What organs does the Coeliac trunk supply?

A 
Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver
*FOREGUT*
27
Q

What organs does the Superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending & Transverse colon
MIDGUT

28
Q

What organs does the Inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
HINDGUT

29
Q

What veins does the stomach drain into?

A

Gastric veins

30
Q

What veins does the pancreas drain into?

A

Splenic veins

31
Q

What organs drain into the Superior mesenteric vein?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending & Transverse colon
MIDGUT

32
Q

What organs drain into the Inferior mesenteric vein?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
HINDGUT

33
Q

What is the order of drainage of veins in the GI Tract?

A

All afore mentioned veins to hepatic portal vein to hepatic vein to IVC

GI System (38 decks)

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