Liver, Spleen, Pancreas Flashcards
What are the 4 lobes in the liver?
Anterior - large right lobe, large left lobe
Posterior - caudate lobe, quadrate lobe
-Separated by falciform ligament
What is the gateway into the liver?
The porta hepatis
What are the histological features of a liver lobule (basic unit of liver)
-Septa - separates lobes, branch in from CT capsule
-Hepatocytes - flattened plates of cells, arranged like hexagons and stacked, small ventral vein in centere of each lobule
-Portal triad - found at each of 6 corners of lobule, composed of 3 structure: hepatic arteriole, portal vein, bile duct
What are the 3 structures of the portal triad in the liver lobule?
-Hepatic arteriole
-Portal vein
-Bile duct
What are the leaky capillaries that the hepatic arteriole and portal vein drain into called?
Hepatic sinusoids
-found between rows of hepatocytes
-allow large substances to exit and enter the bloodstream
-allows blood from HA and PV to mingle
Blood flow and bile flow through portal triadß
-Blood flows slowly through sinusoids - central vein
-CVs merge and drain into hepatic veins and inferior vena cava
-Bile flows in opposite direction from hepatocytes- bile canaliculi - bile ducts
What are Kupffer cells?
Macrophages, derived from blood monocytes - found in gaps between endothelial cells
What are the 3 retroperitoneal regions of the pancreas?
-Head - wide section in contact w the duodenum
-Body - separates head from thinner tail
-Main pancreatic duct -travels down middle of pancreas, receives secretions from acinar cells, merges w liver duct and gallbladder and empties into duodenum
What kind of epithelium and what is the func of exocrine acinar cells?
-Modified simple cuboidal epithelium
-Acinus secrete enzymes into small duct - merge and drain into MPD
What cell types do pancreatic islet cells contain?
Alpha cells - secrete peptide hormone glucagon
Beta cells - secrete protein hormone insulin
Delta cells - secrete peptide hormone somatostatin
Blood supply in pancreas
-Supplied by splenic artery, superior and inferior pancreaticodudenal arteries
How is lymph drained from pancreas?
-Coeliac group and superior mesenteric lymph nodes
What empties into the major duodenal papilla?
-Pancreatuc duct begins at tail of pancreas
-This forms the common hepatic duct which is joined by the cystic duct arising from neck of gall bladder
-Joined by bile duct at Hepatopancreatic ampulla which enters into the major duodenal papilla
Exocrine vs Endocrine pancreatic cells
Exo- acinar (secrete e.g trypsin and lipase)
Endo- Neuroendocrine cells in Islets of langerhans
What is the entry point for the splenic vessels in the spleen?
Splenic hilum
How is the spleen attached to the lateral border of stomach?
by gastrosplenic ligament
Does the spleen have a capsule?
No - prone to rupturing
-has extensive vasculature
What do macrophages and dendritic cells do?
-remove microbes, dying red blood cells
-spleen has immune response to blood-borne pathogens
How is spleen divided into splenic nodules?
By trabeculae of CT
What is in the areas of red vs white pulp of the spleen?
Red pulp - RBCs
-reticular fibres w fixed macrophages attached, free macrophages and all bc and lymphocytes
-filtration - nonspecific immune response
White pulp - lymphoid follicles of the lymph nodes
-surrounds central arteriole
-where adaptive T and B cell responses are mounted
What is the marginal zone?
Region between red and white pulp
