Liver power point Flashcards

Question

ligamentum venosum

Answer 1

appears as a hyperechoic line separating the left and caudate lobes

Answer 2

Portal venous system Hepatic veins hepatic arteries

Answer 3

supplies 70-75% of blood volume to liver from the digestive system flow should be hepatopetal low veloctiy, phasic flow

Answer 4

Main portal vein Right portal vein left portal vein

Answer 5

enters at the portahepatis 11-12mm divides into the right and left portal veins

Answer 6

largest of the portal veins divides into anterior and posterior branches

Answer 7

lies more anterior and cranial than the right portal vein divides into medial and lateral branch lies within a thick band of connective tissue coursing throught eh central portion of the lateral segment of the left lobe

Answer 8

flow into the IVC hepatofugal flow (below baseline)

Answer 9

flow into the liver hepatopetal flow bright walls sue to the increases connective tissue-Glissons capsule

Answer 10

drain blood from liver back to IVC divided into 3 components, RIght, Middle and left Doppler signal is low velocity but more pulsitile than portal veins due to the closer proximity to the heart

Answer 11

supplies about 20% of the blood to the liver common is a branch of the celiac trunk from the aorta courses towards the right changing names to the proper\_\_\_\_\_as it curves anterior and cephalad towards the porta hepatis at porta hepatis it diveds into right, middle and left

Answer 12

right hepatic artery courses between the bile duct and portal vein anatomical variations of hepatic artery are quite common referred to as a replaced right hepatic artery portal veins are contained within a connective sheath and have bright echogenci walls

Answer 13

metabolism digestion storage detoxification phagocytosis

Answer 14

carbohydrates: fat protein manufactures many of the plasma proteins in the blood

Answer 15

converts glucose to glycogen and stores when needed breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into the blood

Answer 16

absored from the intestine in the form of monoglycerides and diglcerides converted in tehhepatocytes to lipoproteins lipoproteins are transported throughout the body to be stored or used by other organs priciple site for cholesterol synthesis failure of hepatocytes to manufacture lipoproteins lead to an accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes resulting in fatty liver

Answer 17

secretes bile aids in digestoin of fat

Answer 18

stores iron and certain vitamins

Answer 19

drugs and poisons that enter the body

Answer 20

bacteria and worn out blood cells are removed

Answer 21

liver produces a variety of proteins, either indirectly from amino acids or directly from raw materials stored in body albumin produced in great amounts albumin is nonionic and functions to draw water into the vascular system from tissue spaces if diseases the liver allows for fluid to accumulate in the interstitial spaces resulting in edema, may contribute to acites in advanced cirrhosis

Answer 22

}Principal source of proteins necessary for blood coagulation, including fibrinogen (factor 1), prothrombin (factor ll), and factores V, VII, IX, and X }In liver disease, decreased production of these proteins my lead to inadequate blood coagulation and uncontrollable hemorrhage. }Deficiencies in clotting factors may also be a result of failed intestinal absorption of vitamin K

Answer 23

Liver contains macrophages called Kupffer cells. These cells engulf and breakdown toxic matter such as microorganisms, dead cells and chemicals. Kupffer cells ingest microorganism by phagocytosis. The engulfed microorganism is called phagosome. Lysosmes in the cytoplasm of kupffer cell, fuse with the phagosome and release digestive enzymes. These enzymes breakdown and kill the microorganism

Answer 24

}Enzymes are protein catalysts used throughout the body in all metabolic processes. Due to the liver being a major center for metabolism, large quanities of enzymes are present in the hepatocytes. }The liver enzymes may leak into the bloodstream when the liver cells are damaged or destroyed due to disease. }The presence of increased quanities of enzymes in the blood is a sensitive indicator of a hepatocellular disorder

Answer 25

}Process where what we eat is broken down into substances that provide energy for our cells. }The waste products of this process is excreted through bile, which leaves the liver via the biliary system. }In hepatobiliary disease, each of the functions of the liver will be decreased. }This will lead to abnormal lab findings, sonographic findings and clinical symptoms

Answer 26

AST ALT LDH Alk phos Bilirubin PT Albumin and globulins

Answer 27

Alkaline phosphatase (Alk phos)-produced by the liver,bone,intestines and placenta ◦Cirrhosis ◦Extrahepatic biliary obstruction ◦Gallstones ◦Hepatitis ◦Metastatic liver disease ◦Pancreatic carcinoma

Answer 28

◦Hepatitis ◦Hepatocellular disease ◦Obstructive jaundice Aspartate aminotransferase-(AST)an enzyme produced in high-metabolic tissues, may indicate cirrhosis fatty liver hepatitis metastatic liver disease May indicate other organ diseases other than liver

Answer 29

◦Hepatitis ◦Cirrhosis ◦Obstructive jaundice ◦Found in tissues of several systems including kidneys, heart, brain, lungs ◦Main use is in the detection of myocardial or pulmonary infarction

Answer 30

Unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin-acute hepatocelluar disease-receives too much at one time- cannot detoxify - Conjugated (direct) bilirubin-biliary tract obstruction - Total bilirubin- cirrhosis and other chronic liver cell disease

Answer 31

}liver enzyme that is part of the blood clotting system dependant on the adequate intake and use of vitamin K ◦Prolonged- metastases to the liver ◦Shortened- extrahepatic duct obstruction

Answer 32

}is a pigment that is released when red blood cells are broken down The liver receives bilirubin that is attached to the albumin in the blood. The hepatocytes get busy performing metabolic functions of uptake, conjugation, and excretion

Answer 33

the hepatocytes pick up the bilirubin and conjugates it, but cannot excrete it. Direct bilirubin is increased

Answer 34

}the hepatocytes are damaged , the cells continue to take in and conjugate the bilirubin, but cannot excrete it.

Answer 35

is released by the reticuloendothelial system (spleen/bone marrow) in too large of quanities that the liver can handle. These are hemolytic conditions hemolytic anemia/blood transfusion reactions

Answer 36

}TGC-should be adjusted to balance the far-gain and near-gain echo signals }Overall gain-should be adjusted to adequatley penetrate the entire right lobe of the liver as a smooth, homogenous echo pattern }Depth-posterior right lobe is positioned at the lower border of the screen }Focuses-near the posterior border of the liver }Transducer frequency-depends on patient body habitus. Average adult 2.5-5 MHz, pediatric 5-7MHz

Answer 37

}The size of the liver }The attenuation of the liver parenchyma }Liver texture The presence of hepatic vascular structures, ligaments, and fissures